TABLE 3.

Differences in pro-/anti-oxidant state between examined group.

Examined factor	BD (n = 43) $\overline{\text{X}}$ ± SD/ Me (min–max)	HC (n = 30) $\overline{\text{X}}$ ± SD/ Me (min–max)	p-value
Prooxidant biomarkers
3-NT (nmol/mg protein)	2.96 (1.45)	2.4 (1.27)	0.090
4-HNE (uM/mg protein)	0.003 (0.001–0.010)	0.006 (0.002–0.008)	< 0.001*
AGE (AFU/mg protein)	16.71 (11.26–26.42)	15.91 (10.15–27.42)	0.279
AOPP (umol/mg protein)	0.054 (0.023–0.14)	0.032 (0.018–0.108)	0.003*
DT (AFU/mg protein)	13.44 (7.41–26.84)	13 (7.04–20.55)	0.211
KN (AFU/mg protein)	19.86 (13.01–37.83)	21 (14.82–40.12)	0.228
MDA (umol/mg protein)	0.007 (0.002–0.01)	0.008 (0.003–0.0091)	0.110
NFK (AFU/mg protein)	15.47 (9.51–27.14)	14.32 (9.78–30.52)	0.159
Antioxidant biomarkers
TAC (Trolox mmol/mg protein)	0.0017 (0.0003)	0.0016 (0.0003)	0.040*
TOS (umol H2O2 Equiv/mg protein)	0.002 (0.0002–0.048)	0.002 (0.0001–0.011)	0.239
TRY (AFU/mg protein)	296.96 (208.18–351.95)	298.14 (212.38–377.74)	0.644
GSH (ug/mg protein)	0.0109 (0.005)	0.0155 (0.005)	< 0.001*
CAT (umol H2O2/min/mg protein)	0.003 (0.001–0.012)	0.002 (0.001–0.005)	0.021*
GPx (U/mg protein)	0.406 (0.147–0.886)	0.628 (0.281–0.844)	0.034*
SOD (U/mg protein)	0.021 (0.006–0.082)	0.034 (0.009–0.082)	0.206

$\overline{\text{X}}$, mean; SD, standard deviation; Me, median; min, minimum; max, maximum; BD, bipolar disorder; HC, healthy controls; 3-NT, 3-nitrotyrosine, 4-HNE, 4-hydroxynonenal; AGE, advanced glycation end products; AOPP, advanced oxidation protein products; DT, dityrosine; KN, kynurenine; MDA, malondialdehyde; NFK, N-formyl kynurenine; TAC, total antioxidant capacity; TOS, total oxidative stress; TRY, tryptophan; GSH, glutathione; CAT, catalase; GPx, glutathione peroxidase; SOD, superoxide dismutase;

*significant difference between BD and HC groups.