Table 2.
Baseline characteristics and in‐hospital outcomes of SU‐SAVR patients according to HF readmission
| Sutureless SAVR cohort (n = 402) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| HF (n = 112) | No HF (n = 290) | P value | |
| Demographics | |||
| Age, years | 76.9 ± 6.2 | 77.8 ± 6.4 | 0.242 |
| Arterial hypertension | 104 (92.9) | 238 (82.1) | 0.007 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 55 (49.1) | 90 (31.0) | 0.001 |
| COPD | 25 (22.3) | 34 (11.7) | 0.007 |
| NYHA III/IV | 59 (52.7) | 112 (38.6) | 0.024 |
| Permanent atrial fibrillation | 27 (24.1) | 24 (8.3) | <0.001 |
| Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation | 16 (14.3) | 36 (12.4) | 0.616 |
| Prior LBBB | 12 (10.7) | 14 (4.8) | 0.031 |
| Prior MI | 16 (14.3) | 19 (6.6) | 0.014 |
| Prior cardiac surgery | 10 (8.9) | 27 (9.3) | 0.906 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 60.4 ± 24.7 | 70.8 ± 24.9 | <0.001 |
| Baseline echocardiography | |||
| LVEF, % | 58.8 ± 13.8 | 63.2 ± 12.0 | 0.002 |
| LVEDD, mm | 50.0 ± 7.3 | 47.0 ± 7.2 | <0.001 |
| Peak Ao vel, m/seg | 4.1 ± 0.7 | 4.4 ± 0.7 | <0.001 |
| Mean Ao Grad, mmHg | 44.4 ± 13.2 | 51.4 ± 16.4 | <0.001 |
| Indexed AVA, cm2/m2 | 0.42 ± 0.1 | 0.39 ± 0.1 | 0.145 |
| Risk scores | |||
| EuroSCORE II, % | 3.67 ± 4 | 2.99 ± 3.7 | 0.109 |
| STS PROM, % | 3.84 ± 2.6 | 9.7 ± 112.8 | 0.586 |
| Periprocedural biomarkers | |||
| Troponin peak, pg/mL | 3,521 (3380) | 2,220 (2921) | <0.001 |
| CK peak, IU/L | 138 (230) | 175 (210) | 0.098 |
| CRP peak, mg/L | 106 (96) | 95 (95) | 0.604 |
| Fibrinogen peak, mg/dL | 162 (120) | 162 (136) | 0.831 |
| In‐hospital outcomes | |||
| Median sternotomy | 81 (72.3) | 190 (65.5) | 0.192 |
| CPB time, min | 77.6 ± 27.2 | 71.6 ± 22.8 | 0.025 |
| Clamping time, min | 54.2 ± 21.5 | 50.3 ± 17.8 | 0.06 |
| In‐hospital HF | 17 (15.2) | 33 (11.4) | 0.301 |
| Acute kidney injury | 61 (54.5) | 100 (34.5) | <0.001 |
| Hospitalization days | 20 ± 10.3 | 17.1 ± 12.5 | 0.029 |
| Echocardiography at discharge | |||
| LVEF, % | 59.1 ± 14.1 | 62.5 ± 10.7 | 0.009 |
| LVED diameter, mm | 47.1 ± 6.3 | 44.3 ± 6.1 | 0.028 |
| Mean Ao Grad, mmHg | 16.7 ± 6.4 | 16.9 ± 6.4 | 0.791 |
| Aortic regurgitation | |||
| None | 83 (74.1) | 226 (77.9) | 0.619 |
| Grade 1 | 23 (20.5) | 55 (19) | |
| Grade 2 | 5 (4.5) | 7 (2.4) | |
| Grade 3 | 0 (0) | 1 (0.3) | |
| Mitral regurgitation | |||
| None | 37 (33) | 125 (43.1) | 0.11 |
| Grade 1 | 56 (50) | 132 (45.5) | |
| Grade 2 | 16 (14.3) | 30 (10.3) | |
| Grade 3 | 3 (2.7) | 2 (0.7) | |
| PASP, mmHg | 44.6 ± 9.5 | 39.7 ± 8.6 | <0.001 |
| Treatment at discharge | |||
| VKA | 41 (36.6) | 68 (23.4) | 0.012 |
| DOAC | 8 (6.7) | 10 (7.5) | 0.177 |
| Beta‐blocker | 52 (46.4) | 139 (47.9) | 0.764 |
| Calcium antagonist | 30 (26.8) | 41 (14.1) | 0.003 |
| Diuretic | 96 (85.7) | 235 (81) | 0.281 |
| ACEI | 41 (36.6) | 108 (37.2) | 0.979 |
| ARB | 11 (9.8) | 33 (11.4) | 0.646 |
| Mid‐term outcomes | |||
| Need for redo procedure (ViV) | 4 (3.6) | 3 (1) | 0.083 |
| QRS length | 129 ± 32 | 120 ± 29 | 0.01 |
| AF prevalence | 43 (38.3) | 55 (18.9) | <0.001 |
| LBBB prevalence | 34 (30.3) | 60 (20.7) | 0.073 |
| PM prevalence | 13 (11.6) | 21 (7.2) | 0.007 |
| MI | 5 (4.5) | 8 (2.8) | 0.097 |
Results expressed as mean ± SD or median (interquartile range) for quantitative variables and n (%) for categorical after excluding in‐hospital deaths (n = 22).
ACEI, angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors; AF, atrial fibrillation; ARB, angiotensin 2 receptor blockers; AVA, aortic valve area; AVR, aortic valve replacement; CK, creatine kinase; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CRP, C reactive protein; DOAC, direct oral anticoagulant; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HF, heart failure; LBBB, left bundle branch block; LVEDD, left ventricular end‐diastolic diameter; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MI, myocardial infarction; NYHA, New York Heart Association class; PASP, pulmonary arterial systolic pressure; PM, permanent pacemaker; STS‐PROM, Society of Thoracic Surgeons Predicted Risk of Mortality; TAVR, transcatheter aortic valve replacement; ViV, valve‐in‐valve; VKA, vitamin K antagonist.