Table 1.
Overall baseline characteristics of the included studies (n = 19)
| Variable | No. of studies | n | Mean (95% CI)/percentage (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| Age (years) | 16 | 338 | 64.6 (62.2 to 67.0) |
| Males (%) | 14 | 289 | 76.9 (70.2 to 83.1) |
| Follow‐up time (days) | 12 | 257 | 778 (561 to 995) |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Diabetes mellitus (%) | 4 | 69 | 29.0 (14.0 to 46.4) |
| CKD (%) | 3 | 53 | 41.6 (12.9 to 73.3) |
| Atrial fibrillation (%) | 9 | 199 | 38.6 (25.7 to 52.4) |
| Laboratory values | |||
| Sodium (mEq/L) | 4 | 79 | 133.6 (131.9 to 135.2) |
| Creatinine (μmol/L) | 6 | 117 | 147.8 (116.8 to 178.9) |
| Haemoglobin (g/dL) | 3 | 69 | 11.3 (10.8 to 11.7) |
| BNP (pg/mL) | 3 | 69 | 873 (462 to 1284) |
| HF aetiology | |||
| Ischaemic cardiomyopathy (%) | 13 | 268 | 58.2 (44.4 to 71.5) |
| Non‐ischaemic cardiomyopathy (%) | 13 | 271 | 54.6 (34.3 to 74.2) |
| ECG and echocardiogram | |||
| HR (b.p.m.) | 3 | 60 | 81.9 (79.5 to 84.2) |
| SBP (mmHg) | 6 | 110 | 91.2 (86.0 to 96.4) |
| QRS duration (ms) | 14 | 257 | 168 (160 to 177) |
| LBBB (%) | 7 | 105 | 56.0 (19.8 to 89.2) |
| LVEF (%) | 14 | 278 | 20.2 (18.8 to 21.7) |
| LVEDV (mL) | 6 | 104 | 224 (153 to 295) |
| LVESV (mL) | 5 | 87 | 197 (161 to 234) |
| LVESD (mm) | 4 | 110 | 60.7 (56.0 to 65.4) |
| LVEDD (mm) | 6 | 130 | 69.5 (65.3 to 73.6) |
| CRT‐D (%) | 15 | 234 | 84.5 (62.9 to 97.6) |
| CRT‐P (%) | 15 | 234 | 15.5 (2.4 to 37.1) |
| IABP (%) | 3 | 50 | 17.5 (7.3 to 30.1) |
| Hospital LOS (days) | 6 | 99 | 23.4 (6.6 to 40.4) |
BNP, brain natriuretic peptide; CI, confidence interval; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CRT‐D, cardiac resynchronization therapy with defibrillator; CRT‐P, cardiac resynchronization therapy with pacemaker; ECG, electrocardiogram; HF, heart failure; HR, heart rate; IABP, intra‐aortic balloon pump; LBBB, left bundle branch block; LOS, length of stay; LVEDD, left ventricular end‐diastolic diameter; LVEDV, left ventricular end‐diastolic volume; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVESD, left ventricular end‐systolic diameter; LVESV, left ventricular end‐systolic volume; SBP, systolic blood pressure.