FIGURE 4.

Ubiquitination in key signaling pathways (by Figdraw). (A) Ubiquitination in canonical and noncanonical NF‐κB signaling pathways, regulating the activation and translocation of NF‐κB subunits. (B) Types and structures of NF‐κB, including its various subunits and their functional domains. (C) Ubiquitination in the Wnt‐β‐catenin signaling pathway, influencing the stability and activity of β‐catenin. (D) Ubiquitination in the EGFR signaling pathway, affecting receptor trafficking, degradation, and downstream signaling. TCF, T‐cell factor; LEF, lymphoid enhancer factor; LRP, lipoprotein receptor‐related protein; GSK3, glycogen synthase kinase 3; β‐TrCP, beta‐transducin repeat‐containing protein; RHD, Rel homology domain; TAD, transactivation domains; NIK, NF‐κB‐inducing kinase; cIAP, cellular inhibitor of apoptosis; IKK, IκB kinase; EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor; P, phosphorylation; Ub, ubiquitin.