Table 3.

Overview of family components

Study ID	Report ID	Country	Intervention	N families	Family participants (treatment)	Family participants (control)	Family component
1	1	Greece	Family Talk Intervention	Nt 30 Nc 32	Fathers 6 Mothers 26 Male offspring 14 Female offspring 16	Fathers 6 Mothers 24 Male offspring 19 Female offspring 13	Parent + partner + child take part One parents + child session per child. No sessions with siblings or other family members
2	73	GER	Family Talk Intervention (Group Version)	Nt 28 Nc 9	Father – Mother – Male offspring 12 Female offspring 16	Father – Mother – Male offspring 4 Female offspring 5	One individual family session with parents and child. No information on involvement of siblings or other family members
3	93 119 123	Finland	Family Talk Intervention	Nt 53 Nc 56	Father – Mother – Offspring 76	Father – Mother – Offspring 69	Parent + partner + child One individual family session with parents and child. No information on involvement of siblings or other family members
4	186	USA	Family Talk Intervention	Nt 7	Parent 7 Partner 7 Offspring 8	na	1–2 Family sessions. No information on involvement of siblings or other family members
5	180	USA	Family Talk Intervention	Nt+c 28	Parents 54 Average number of children in family 2	na	1–2 Family sessions. No information on involvement of siblings or other family members
6	148 162 177 178 179	USA	Family Talk Intervention	Nt 55 Nc 44	Parents 97 Offspring 78	Parents 76 Offspring 54	1–2 Family sessions. No information on involvement of siblings or other family members
7	5	USA	Mobile-enhanced family-focused therapy (FFT)	Nt 22	Mother 16 Father 17 Male offspring 10 Female offspring 12	na	12 Family sessions with child and parent(s). Other family members are invited to take part
8	8 20 34 70	USA	Coping and promoting strength	Nt 70 Nc 66	Mothers 107 across both groups Fathers 29 across both groups 113 offspring across both groups		6 Sessions for all interested family members
9	132	USA	Coping and promoting strength	Nt 20 Nc 20	Parent 20 Partner – Offspring 20	Parent 20 Partner – Offspring 20	6 Sessions for all interested family members
10	10	UK	Young SMILES	Nt 18 Nc 15	Parent 18 Partner – Male offspring 12 Female offspring 12	Parent 15 Partner – Male offspring 7 Female offspring 9	None
11	11 19 31 48	USA	Ecologically based family therapy (EBFT)	Nt 123 Nc 60	Mothers 123 across both groups Offspring 180 across both groups 36% included siblings across both groups 9% included partner across both groups 10% other family member across both groups		All children, partners and other caregivers invited. 12 family sessions focus on needs assessment, problem-solving, communication
12	21	USA	Ecologically based family therapy (EBFT)	Nt 49 Nc 19	Mothers 49 Partners – Offspring –	Mothers 19 Partners – Offspring –	All children, partners and other caregivers invited. 12 family sessions focus on needs assessment, problem-solving, communication
13	201 16	GER	Family Group Cognitive-Behavioural	Nt 50 Nc 50	Parent 50 Offspring 50 Siblings 77%	Parent 50 Offspring 50 Siblings 72%	The first two sessions involve parents and children for the whole session, the remaining 6 sessions start and end in the family- and group- setting but include separate activities for parents and children. Siblings are allowed to join
14	18 29 72 82 105 116 122 138	USA	Family Group Cognitive-Behavioural	Nt 90 Nc 90	Mothers 160 across both groups Fathers 20 across both groups Female offspring 121 across both groups Male offspring 121 across both groups		8–12 Sessions where parents and children meet together part of the time and separately part of the time. No information on involvement of siblings or other family members
15	26	GER	Kanu Intervention	Nt 41 Nc 26	Parents 46 Partner – Offspring 60	Parents 25 Partner – Offspring 44	10 Individual sessions involving parent (and partner) and children
16	45	Canada	The Renascent Children’s Programme	Nt 19	Mother 15 Father 6 Grandmother 3 Uncle 1 Stepparent 1 Male offspring 12 Female offspring 14	na	Parent, guardian or other family member can attend. Generally separate groups for parents and children with overlapping activities over 4 days. No specific information about the activities available
17	62	USA	Parent-Adolescent CBT (PA-CBT) protocol	Nt 16 Nc 8	Parent 16 Offspring 16	Parent 8 Offspring 8	All 18 individual sessions with child concluded with a conjoint “check-in” meeting between parent and teen to enhance positive communication
18	67	AUS	Supporting Kids and Their Environment (SKATE)	Nt 89	Parents – Female offspring 51 Male offspring 38	na	Letters sent to parents with tasks that children and parents work on together
19	71	UK	CBT with mother–child interaction	Nt 71 Nc 69 Nc 71	All mothers Offspring 71	All mothers Offspring 71 Offspring 69	Two sessions with mother and child completing task that are video recorded for later video-feedback
21	91	USA	Fortalezas Familiares (family strengths)	Nt 13	Mothers 13 Fathers 10 Grandmother 1	na	Other caregivers or children are invited to take part. All 12 sessions include all family members
22	101	USA	Project Hope	Nt 16 Nc 14	Parent – Partner – Offspring –	Parent – Partner – Offspring –	3 Sessions for parents and target child and 3 sessions for the whole family
23	109	USA	Keeping Families Stronger Intervention	Nt 10	Mothers 10 Partner 3 Children 16	na	Partners and children were invited to take part. Families attended 10 weekly multi-family sessions involving separate but concurrent parent and child groups and one individual family session. Home projects for families
24	118	GER	Eltern- und Kinder-Training in emotional belasteten Familien EFFEKT-E	375a	Mothers had average of 1.07- 1.99 children Partners –	Not reported	Separate child and parent sessions and 1 mother–child session, where child and mother practise content learned together. No information on involvement of partners or other family members
25	135	USA	Prevention Intervention Programme (PIP)	Nt 9	Mothers 9 Partners 5 Male offspring 4 Female offspring 5 Siblings –	na	One family session with main aim to increase shared understanding. Who takes part in family session is defined by families themselves
26	143	Spain	Family Competence Programme	Nt 15 Nc 16	Parents 28 Offspring 19	Parents 30 Offspring 16	Over 14 sessions, families have lunch together, then separate parent and child groups (1 h). In second half (1 h), parents and children practise together. “Entire family” is invited to take part
27	146	USA	Strong African American Families (SAAF)	Nt 98 Nc 69	Caregiver 98 Average children 2.75	Caregiver 69 Average children 2.84	Seven separate child and parent sessions followed by joint session to practise skills. No information on involvement of partners and other family members
28	173 176	USA	Focus on Families	Nt 75 Nc 55 parents	Parents 78 Offspring 97	Parents 57 Offspring 81	Children join 12 family sessions to help families practise new skills. Parents have additional 20 separate sessions. No information on involvement of other family members
29	164	UK	Strength to Strength	Nt 10	Not reported	na	Family sessions with parents and children form part of intervention. No information about frequency or length of sessions, or involvement of other family members
30	200	USA	Adolescent coping with Stress course	Nt 45 Nc 49	Offspring 45	Offspring 49	No family component
31	92	USA	Multisystemic Therapy-Building Stronger Families Programme	Nt 25 Nc 18	Mothers 25 Offspring 25 Fathers were excluded from study	Mothers 18 Offspring 18 Fathers were excluded from study	Family is assessed together and defines treatment goals together. Other members in and around family are involved to develop safety plan for child. Individual sessions are delivered based on family members’ needs, thus involvement of family members and activities can vary
32	208	USA	Multisystemic Therapy-Building Stronger Families Programme	Nt 43 Nc 44	Parents 51 Mothers 94% Offspring 43 female offspring 47.1%	Parents 46 Mothers 83% Offspring 43 female offspring 48%	Family is assessed together and defines treatment goals together. Other members in and around family are involved to develop safety plan for child. Individual sessions are delivered based on family members’ needs, and thus, involvement of family members and activities can vary
33	6 202	USA	Family-focused treatment	Nt 61 Nc 66	Female offspring 37 Male offspring 24	Female offspring 45 Male offspring 21	12 Sessions with child, parent, partner and if possible siblings
34	205 211	China	Multi Family Therapy	Nt 34 Nc 27	Mothers 30 Fathers 4 Partner 12 Offspring 45	Mothers 22 Fathers 5 Partner 7 Offspring 18	4-Day programme plus 2 half day reunions that include multiple families and their members
35	212	Iran	Family Friendly Programme	Nt 30 Nc 30	Parents 30 Offspring 30	Parents 30 Offspring 30	11 Sessions to enhance parent and child relationship using elements from parent–child interaction therapy and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy. No information about involvement of partners, siblings, or other family members
36	94	USA	Family-focused treatment	NCt 21 NCc 19	Parents – Female offspring 10 Male offspring 11	Parents— Female offspring 7 Male offspring 12	Involved parent, partners, children, and siblings in 12 sessions
37	2	Sweden	Family Talk Intervention	Not reported	8 parents 7 children	na	1–2 Family sessions. No information on involvement of siblings or other family members
38	15	AUS	The Family Model	Not reported	15 parents 8 children 6 siblings	na	1 Session with family and clinician about impact of illness
40	59 214	UK	Kidstime	Not reported	5 parents 6 children	na	Family sessions with separate parent and child sessions and shared dinner in the end
41	79	UK	Moving Parents and Children Together Programme	Not reported	36 parents 37 children	na	Eight sessions that involve multiple families, some sessions include separate activities for children and parents and some for the family unit
43	206	IRE	Family Talk Intervention	Not reported	23 parents 7 partners 15 children	na	1–2 Family sessions. Clinician meets with whole family including siblings. No information on involvement of other family members
44	213	AUS	Enhanced CBT Intervention	Not reported	10 parents	na	Parents and children get parallel treatment and learn about bidirectional impact of anxiety in parent and child. No joint sessions

Note: N_t sample size treatment group, N_c sample size control group, na not applicable