Fig. 11. Microfluidic double emulsion-based vesicle generation. a| (i) Top: Formation of phospholipid-stabilized W/O/W double emulsion in a glass microcapillary device. Bottom: Optical micrograph of the double emulsion collected. (ii) Top: Vesicle formation through solvent drying on the vesicle surface. Excess phospholipid is concentrated in the remaining oil drop attached to the resulting vesicle. Bottom: Release of a vesicle from a double emulsion drop pinned on a glass slide. The oil drop that contains excess phospholipids remains on the glass slide. Reproduced from ref. 163 with permission from the American Chemical Society, copyright [2008]. b| Fabrication of liposomes with distinct multicompartments. Schematic (top) and snapshots (bottom) of the fabrication of double emulsions with two distinct droplets. Scale bars are 100 μm. Reproduced from ref. 167 with permission from the American Chemical Society, copyright [2016]. c| Top: Schematics of the microfluidic preparation of double emulsions with distinct interior liposomes (liposomes-in-liposome) and the dewetting process. Bottom: The formation of triple vesosomes (liposome-in-liposome-in-liposome) and the resultant structures. Scale bars, 100 μm. Reproduced from ref. 168 with permission from the American Chemical Society, copyright [2017]. d| Schematics showing octanol-assisted liposome assembly (OLA) vesicle production and purification. An overall layout of the microfluidic device and the post-junction channel (left). A top view (right top) and a side view (right bottom) of the OLA junction. IA, inner aqueous phase; LO, lipid-carrying organic phase; OA, outer aqueous phase. Reproduced from ref. 169 with permission from Springer Nature, copyright [2016].