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. 2024 Sep 6;41(9):msae190. doi: 10.1093/molbev/msae190

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1.

Hawaiian psyllid radiation spans multiple islands and lifestyles. a) Cladogram of Pariaconus psyllid species radiation and their sampling locations among the Hawaiian Islands of Kauai, Oahu, Maui, and Hawaii (black circles on gray islands). Psyllid relationships from the four species groups kamua, ohialoha, minutus, and bicoloratus are shown by the cladogram, which was modified from Percy (2017, 2018). Species names are linked to the island of specimen origin for study. Pariaconus gracilis is the only species found on multiple islands (Oahu, Molokai, and Maui). See supplementary Data Set S1, Supplementary Material online for more details on samples. The host-plant ecologies of each species are indicated next to their name as free-living (FL), open-gall (OG), or closed-gall (CG). Dating of the islands is presented as millions of years ago (Ma) and is based on dating from Bonacum et al. (2005). b to e) Pictures taken by D.M.P. and A.K.H. b) Single host-plant species of all Pariaconus psyllid species, ʻōhiʻa lehua, M. polymorpha. c) Nymph stage of P. proboscideus (FL), d) nymph stage of P. dorsostriatus (OG), and e) CG structure of P. pyramidalis.