Table 2.

Relationships between brain WMH volume and AD CSF core biomarkers.

	β	95% CI	SE	p
Intercept	−4.5634	−4.9623 ~ −4.1645	0.2033	< 0.0001
MCI group	0.1274	0.0617 ~ 0.1932	0.0335	0.0001
Dementia group	0.1355	0.0347 ~ 0.2362	0.0513	0.0084
Age	0.0288	0.0245 ~ 0.0330	0.0022	< 0.0001
Female	0.0556	−0.0058 ~ 0.1170	0.0313	0.0760
Education levels	−0.0126	−0.0245 ~ −0.0007	0.0061	0.0375
APOE ε4+/−	−0.0688	−0.1372 ~ 0.0001	0.0349	0.0586
APOE ε4+/+	−0.0330	−0.1487 ~ 0.0828	0.0590	0.5763
Hypertension	0.1199	0.0595 ~ 0.1802	0.0308	0.0001
Diabetes	0.0227	−0.0694 ~ 0.1149	0.0470	0.6285
Atrial fibrillation	0.0716	−0.0850 ~ 0.2281	0.0798	0.3699
Smoking	0.1038	0.0415 ~ 0.1660	0.0317	0.0011
Hyperlipidemia	0.0156	−0.0441 ~ 0.0752	0.0304	0.6093
Coronary artery diseases	−0.0129	−0.1087 ~ 0.0829	0.0488	0.7913
Cerebrovascular diseases	0.1178	−0.0344 ~ 0.2700	0.0776	0.1293
CSF Aβ42 levels	−0.0002	−0.0002 ~ −0.0001	< 0.0001	< 0.0001
CSF p-tau levels	0.0007	−0.0016 ~ 0.0031	0.0012	0.5395

The analysis was performed in a subset of the included 1,803 participants, these individuals had complete clinical information and available CSF data (n = 1,157; n = 467 for NC group, n = 526 for MCI group, and n = 164 for dementia group); compared with the participants in Supplementary Tables S2–S4, 25 participants were excluded due to incomplete clinical information. CSF core biomarkers, including Aβ₄₂ and p-tau levels, plus diagnostic status, age, sex, education levels, APOE ε4 status, and comorbidities statuses were used as predictors of brain WMH volumes (total intracranial volume-normalized and log-transformed). CSF t-tau was not included due to its extremely high correlation with p-tau (R > 0.900, p < 0.001). Bold represents statistical significance. CI, confidence interval; SE, standard error; WMH, white matter hyperintensity; AD, Alzheimer’s disease; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; MCI, mild cognitive impairment; APOE, apolipoprotein E; Aβ, β-amyloid; p-tau, phosphorylated tau; t-tau, total tau.