Table 3.

Relationships between cognition and brain WMH volume.

	ADNI_MEM			ADNI_EF
	β	95% CI	p	β	95% CI	p
MCI	−0.5755	−0.6495 ~ −0.5016	< 0.0001	−0.4809	−0.5886 ~ −0.3732	< 0.0001
Dementia	−1.5641	−1.6771 ~ −1.4513	< 0.0001	−1.4831	−1.6485 ~ −1.3183	< 0.0001
WMH	−0.0701	−0.1450 ~ −0.0048	0.0395	−0.1512	−0.2459 ~ −0.0566	0.0018
CSF Aβ42	0.000127	0.000066 ~ 0.000187	< 0.0001	0.000239	0.000151 ~ 0.000327	< 0.0001
CSF p-tau	−0.00892	−0.01156 ~ −0.00628	< 0.0001	−0.00539	−0.00924 ~ −0.00153	0.0062

The analysis was performed in a subset of the included 1,803 participants, these individuals had complete clinical information and available CSF data (n = 1,157; n = 467 for NC group, n = 526 for MCI group, and n = 164 for dementia group); compared with the participants in Supplementary Tables S2–S4, 25 participants were excluded due to incomplete clinical information. The WMH, CSF core biomarkers, including Aβ₄₂ and p-tau levels, plus diagnostic status, age, sex, education levels, APOE ε4 status, and comorbidities statuses including hypertension and smoking history, were used as predictors of cognitive score. The WMH volume was total intracranial volume-normalized and log-transformed. CSF t-tau was not included due to its extremely high correlation with p-tau (R > 0.900, p < 0.001). ADNI, Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative; MEM, memory sub-domain; EF, executive function sub-domain; CI, confidence interval; WMH, white matter hyperintensity; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; MCI, mild cognitive impairment; APOE, apolipoprotein E; Aβ, β-amyloid; p-tau, phosphorylated tau; t-tau, total tau.