Fig. 3. Exosome isolation and characterization. (a) Contact-free exosome sorting, (b) schematics of a microfluidic chip that enables continuous mixing and isolation of EVs using immunomagnetic beads, microscopy images of the device: (c) Y-shaped injector, (d) serpentine fluidic mixer for immunomagnetic binding, (e) magnetic aggregates, and (f) bound EVs on immunomagnetic beads. (g) Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image of exosomes, (h) scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image of exosomes, (i) atomic force microscopy (AFM) image of exosomes, (j) cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) image of exosomes, (k) western blotting based EVs protein expression analysis (figure (a) to (k) reproduced with permission from ref. 5 Copyright@2018 American Chemical Society), and (l) single EV profiling approaches (reproduced with permission from ref. 39 Copyright@2022 American Chemical Society.).
