Figure 8.

Intermittent cistern magna CSF drain promoted the functional recovery of the glymphatic system and meningeal lymphatic system after SAH. (A) Representative coronal-plane MRI images showing the distribution of Gd-DTPA in brain parenchyma 4 h after injection in SAH and SAH + CSF drain beagles 1 week (1st row) and 2 weeks after SAH (2nd row). (B) Quantification of signal intensity (SI) fold changes of Gd-DTPA over time in the ipsilateral temporal base. Intermittent cistern magna CSF drain significantly increased the signal intensity of Gd-DTPA in the ipsilateral temporal base 2 weeks after SAH. (C) Representative MRI images showing the outflow of Gd-DTPA along the olfactory bulbs (4 h after injection) in SAH and SAH + CSF drain beagles 1 week (1st row) and 2 weeks after SAH (2nd row). (D) Quantification of SI fold changes over time of the olfactory bulbs. (E) Representative MRI images showing the outflow of Gd-DTPA via optic nerves (4 h after injection) in SAH and SAH + CSF drain beagles 1 week (1st row) and 2 weeks after SAH (2nd row). (F) Quantification of SI fold changes over time of optic nerves. (G) Representative MRI images showing the outflow of Gd-DTPA via facial and vestibulocochlear nerves (4 h after injection) in SAH and SAH + CSF drain beagles 1 week (1st row) and 2 weeks after SAH (2nd row). (H) Quantification of SI fold changes over time of facial and vestibulocochlear nerves. Student t test, n = 3; & P < 0.05, && P < 0.01, compared to the SAH group. CSF: cerebrospinal fluid; SAH: subarachnoid hemorrhage; MRI: magnetic resonance imaging.