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. 2024 Sep 30;97(3):365–381. doi: 10.59249/XURF4540

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACA), extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK), response element binding protein (CREB), cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and adenylyl cyclase (AC) are the mechanisms by which saffron crocin exhibits neuroprotection activation (B) and reduces the effects of stress (A).