Fig 1. Workflow quality monitoring.

The workflow was integrated with an information management system. Self-collected saliva was brought to the reception area by COVID-19 Liaison Officers (CLOs). The accreditation ID of personnel in the Olympic Village was linked with radiofrequency identification and sample ID barcodes. This feedback process was used to communicate with the TOCOG about re-training of CLOs and TOCOG staff in appropriate collection techniques, including self-sampling of saliva before eating, specimen refrigeration within 24 hours of sampling, and NP swab collection, enabling real-time corrections of the process.