Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2024 Aug 23;45(5):258–267. doi: 10.4082/kjfm.24.0156

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

Copyright © 2024 The Korean Academy of Family Medicine

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

PMC Copyright notice

Figure. 1. — Proposed mechanisms for metformin-induced reductions in blood levels of glucose. Reprinted from Foretz M, et al. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2023;19:460-76.4) with permission from Springer Nature. NADH, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; ATP, adenosine triphosphate; AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase; FBP1, fructose-1-6-bisphosphatase; mGPDH, mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; cGPDH, cytosolic glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; GSH:GSSG, glutathione to oxidized glutathione ratio; TET3, Tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 3; HNF-4α, hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α; ATP6AP1, ATPase H+ transporting accessory protein 1; ACC, acetylCoA carboxylase; LKB1, liver kinase B1; GLP1, glucagon-like peptide 1; PEN2, presenilin enhancer 2.