Table 3.

Previous studies on recipient selection and pregnancy outcomes in cynomolgus monkeys through ARTs.

Previous studies	Year	ARTs	Gene-editing method	Recipient selection	Pregnancy rate (%)	Implantation rate (%)
Sun et al. (8)	2008	IVF, ICSI	None used	Synchronized recipients	27.6	13.6
Liu et al. (5)	2014	IVF	TALEN	Synchronized recipients	31.6	14.8
Niu et al. (3)	2014	ICSI	CRISPR/Cas9	Synchronized recipients	34.5	22.9
Wan et al. (4)	2015	ICSI	CRISPR/Cas9	Synchronized recipients	30.8	21.0
Seita et al. (47)	2016	ICSI	Lentivirus-mediated gene transfer	Not synchronized recipients	66.7	60.0
Ke et al. (48)	2016	ICSI	TALEN	N.A.	33.3	7.7
Zhao et al. (49)	2017	ICSI	CRISPR/Cas9	N.A.	8.1	2.6
Chen et al. (50)	2017	ICSI	TALEN	Synchronized recipients	34.1	13.0
Zhang et al. (51)	2018	ICSI	CRISPR/Cas9	Synchronized recipients	33.3	8.3
Cui et al. (52)	2018	ICSI	CRISPR/Cas9	Synchronized recipients	30.0	13.3
Zhou et al. (53)	2019	ICSI	CRISPR/Cas9	Synchronized recipients	46.2	18.0
Qiu et al. (54)	2019	ICSI	CRISPR/Cas9	Synchronized recipients	32.3	9.1
Tsukiyama et al. (55)	2019	ICSI	CRISPR/Cas9	Not synchronized recipients	33.7	N.A
Huang et al. (19)	2020	ICSI	None used	Synchronized recipients	25.0	27.3
Schmidt et al. (56)	2020	ICSI	CRISPR/Cas9	Synchronized or not synchronized recipients	0.0	0.0
Wang et al. (57)	2020	ICSI	CBE	Synchronized recipients	54.5	19.5
Chen et al. (58)	2021	ICSI	CRISPR/Cas9	Synchronized recipients	24.0	13.7
Li et al. (59)	2024	FPNT	None used	Synchronized recipients	20.0	11.4

Pregnancy rate = number of pregnant recipients/number of embryo-transferred recipients × 100; implantation rate = number of embryos implanted/number of embryos transferred × 100. CBE, cytosine base editing; CRISPR/Cas9, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated protein 9; FPNT, female pronucleus transfer; ICSI, intracytoplasmic sperm injection; IVF, in vitro fertilization; N.A., not available; TALEN, transcription activator-like effector nuclease.