Table 3.
Participant characteristics (N = 394)
| Characteristic | Total participants (n = 394) | Participants who took English course (n = 275) |
Participants who took Spanish course (n = 119) |
P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ethnicity | <0.001 | |||
| Hispanic/Latino/Spanish origin | 198 (50.3%) | 89 (32.4%) | 118 (99.2%) | |
| Prefer not to answer or missing | 10 (2.5%) | 9 (3.3%) | 1 (0.8%) | |
| Race | <0.001 | |||
| American Indian/Alaska Native | 6 (1.5%) | 6 (2.2%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Asian | 13 (3.3%) | 13 (4.7%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Black/African American | 110 (27.9%) | 110 (40.0%) | 0 (0%) | |
| White | 158 (40.1%) | 102 (37.1%) | 56 (47.1%) | |
| Some other race | 28 (7.1%) | 9 (3.3%) | 19 (16.0%) | |
| More than one race | 10 (2.5%) | 7 (2.6%) | 3 (2.5%) | |
| Prefer not to answer | 69 (17.5%) | 28 (10.2%) | 41 (34.5%) | |
| Gender | 0.02 | |||
| Female | 316 (80.2%) | 210 (76.3%) | 106 (89.8%) | |
| Male | 70 (17.8%) | 59 (21.5%) | 11 (9.3%) | |
| Genderqueer, gender nonconforming, non–binary, neither exclusively male or female | 3 (0.8%) | 3 (1.1%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Transgender | 2 (0.5%) | 1 (0.4%) | 1 (0.8%) | |
| Prefer not to answer or missing | 3 (0.8%) | 2 (0.7%) | 1 (0.8%) | |
| Sex on Birth Certificate (Female) | 316 (80.2%) | 213 (77.5%) | 103 (86.6%) | 0.04 |
| Prefer not to answer or missing | 9 (2.3%) | 5 (0.02%) | 4 (3.4%) | |
| Age, mean years (SD) | 41.6 (13.8) (12 missing) 19–74 | 39.1 (13.7) (5 missing) 19–74 | 47.8 (11.9) (7 missing) 21–70 | <0.001 |
| Years working as a CHW/P, mean years (SD) | 6.0 (5.9) (19 missing) 0–28 | 5.2 (5.6) (6 missing) 0–25 | 7.9 (6.3) (13 missing) 0–28 | <0.001 |
| Education | <0.001 | |||
| < High school | 21 (5.3%) | 1 (0.4%) | 20 (16.8%) | |
| High school diploma or GED | 59 (15.0%) | 17 (6.2%) | 42 (35.3%) | |
| Some college | 70 (17.8%) | 57 (20.7%) | 13 (10.9%) | |
| Associate degree | 41 (10.4%) | 36 (13.1%) | 5 (4.2%) | |
| Bachelor’s degree | 141 (35.8%) | 111 (40.4%) | 30 (25.2%) | |
| Masters or Doctorate | 61 (15.5%) | 52 (18.9%) | 9 (7.6%) | |
| Missing | 1 (0.3%) | 1 (0.4%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Languages spoken by CHW/Ps | <0.001 | |||
| English only | 203 (51.5%) | 203 (73.8%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Spanish only | 64 (16.2%) | 4 (1.5%) | 60 (50.4%) | |
| Bilingual (English and Spanish) | 126 (32.0%) | 67 (24.4%) | 59 (49.6%) | |
| Other | 1 (0.3%) | 1 (0.4%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Professional status, n (%) | ||||
| Currently employed as a CHW/P | 240 (60.9%) | 179 (65.1%) | 61 (51.3%) | 0.03 |
| State-certified as a CHW/P | 86 (21.8%) | 76 (27.6%) | 10 (8.4%) | <0.001 |
| Currently volunteer as a CHW/P | 118 (29.9%) | 61 (22.2%) | 57 (47.9%) | <0.001 |
| Experience as member of a research team conducting community–based research (Yes) | 147 (37.3%) | 111 (40.4%) | 36 (30.3%) | <0.06 |
CHW/Ps = community health workers and promotoras; GED = general education development (i.e., high school equivalency diploma).