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. 2024 Sep 3;13(9):1073. doi: 10.3390/antiox13091073

Figure 5.

Figure 5

AdipoRon limits age-related fibrosis and inflammation. (a) Activation of the AMPK signaling pathway by ApN represses SMAD2 activity, an effector protein of the TGF-β pathway, and NF-κB activity (p65 subunit). Pointed arrows indicate activation, while blunt arrows indicate inhibition. (b) Quantification of picrosirius red expressed as a % of the collagen stained area, for which representative transversal cross-sectional images are shown in (c), scale bar = 100 µm. The active, phosphorylated forms of (d) SMAD2 (P-SMAD2) and (e) p65-subunit of NF-κB (P-p65) were measured by ELISA. Absorbance data were presented as relative expression compared with O values. Data are means ± SEM for 6 Y, 6 O, and 9 O-AR. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test to compare the 3 groups of mice. * p < 0.05, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001 vs. Y mice. # p < 0.05, ### p < 0.001, #### p < 0.0001 vs. O mice.