1H NMR	Proton nuclear magnetic resonance
5-FU	5-fluorouracil
5-LOX	5-Lipoxygenase
ACR	American College of Rheumatology
ADAMTS5	A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 5
AST	Aspartate transaminase
ALR2	Aldose Reductase 2
Arg-1	Arginase deficiency-1
Bcap-37	Human breast cancer cell line
BDC	CBA-iR: bis-demethylcurcumin
BDMC	bis-dimethoxycurcumin
C-SDs	Curcumin solid dispersions
CRP	C reactive protein
CD4+	cluster of differentiation 4
COX-1	Cyclooxygenase-1
COX-2	Cyclooxygenase-2
COMP	Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein
DPPH	2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl
DAS	Disease activity score
DiMc	Dimethoxycurcumin
HPLC–MS	High-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry
TAC	Total antioxidant capacity
MDA	Malondialdehyde
VO2 max	Maximum oxygen uptake
ROS	Reactive oxygen species
RA	Rheumatoid arthritis
NF-κB	Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
MAPK	Mitogen-activated protein kinase
MGC-803	Human gastric cancer cell line
PC3	Human prostate cancer cell line
Po bid	orally, twice daily
NIH3T3	Normal cell line
TNF-α	Tumor necrosis factor-alpha
MCP-1	Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1
TGF-β	Transforming growth factor-β
VAS	Visual Analogue Score
cd8+ t cells	Cytotoxic T cells
KOA	Knee osteoarthritis
IL-4	Interleukin-4
IL-6	Interleukin-6
IL-10	Interleukin-10
IL-15	Interleukin-15
IL-17	Interleukin-17
IL-22	Interleukin-22
IL-23	Interleukin-23
IL-27	Interleukin-27
IL-1β	Interleukin-1-beta
IL-1R	Interleukin-1 receptor
IL-12	Interleukin 12
VAS/WOMAC	Visual analogue scales for global osteoarthritis pain and the Western Ontario and McMaster University
PGE2	Prostaglandin E2
P53	tumor protein
OA	Osteoarthritis
SpO2	Saturation of peripheral oxygen
O2	Oxygen molecule
TBUT	Tear break-up time
SPEED	Sepsis patient evaluation emergency department
OSDI	Ocular Surface Disease Index
MMP-1	Matrix metalloproteinases-1
MMP-3	Matrix metalloproteinases-3
MMP-9	Matrix metalloproteinases-9
MMP-13	Matrix metalloproteinases-13
TBARS	Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances
GI	Gastrointestinal
TLR-4	Toll-like receptor 4
iNOS	inducible nitric oxide synthase
NO	Nitric oxide
p65	REL-associated protein involved in NF-κB heterodimer formation, nuclear translocation and activation
PGES	Prostaglandin E synthase
PLA2	Phospholipase A2
LOX	Lipoxygenases
mPGES-1	Microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1
MPM	Mouse primary peritoneal macrophage
SD	Sprague–Dawley rat
DCs	JAWS II dendritic cells
GUSB	β-Glucuronidase
Nrf2	Nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2
NGUC	Next Generation Ultrasol Curcumin
MD2	Myeloid differentiation factor 2
HU-VECs	Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells
PPAR-γ	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma
NLRP3	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3
VCAM-1	Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1
ICAM-1	Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1