Table 3.

Cirrhosis has minimal impact on circulating levels of gut microbe-associated metabolites in HCC. Circulating concentration of gut-derived metabolites in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma split by background liver morphology of HCC alone versus HCC in the background of underlying cirrhosis.

	Cirrhosis + HCC (n = 25)	HCC Alone (n = 16)	p-Value
Choline	17.3 (7.67)	19.3 (9.90)	0.321
Betaine	48.7 (14.7)	41.9 (13.7)	0.078
Carnitine	30.6 (9.54)	27.6 (8.53)	0.300
g-butyrobetaine	0.75 (0.30)	0.75 (0.39)	0.776
5-OH-indole acetic acid	0.061 (0.019)	0.067 (0.032)	0.618
Hippuric acid	8.46 (9.70)	11.4 (15.5)	0.162
4-OH-hippuric acid	0.84 (0.76)	0.96 (1.09)	0.744
3-OH-hippuric acid	0.88 (1.00)	0.74 (0.92)	0.539
2-OH-hippuric acid	0.866 (1.00)	0.78 (0.94)	0.804
Indole-3-propionic acid	0.699 (0.51)	0.15 (0.32)	0.645
Methyl-indole-acetic acid	0.32 (0.14)	1.00 (1.24)	0.620
Indole-lactic acid	1.15 (0.33)	0.92 (0.38)	0.033
Phenylacetic acid	2.50 (1.07)	2.73 (1.37)	0.546
4-OH-Phenyllactic acid	1.54 (0.62)	1.21 (0.79)	0.079
p-Cresol glucuronide	28.6 (26.5)	28.5 (31.2)	0.507
Tryptophan	93.9 (19.4)	75.5 (22.4)	0.009
Serotonin	0.17 (0.16)	0.011 (0.011)	0.131
Indole-acetic acid	1.67 (0.90)	2.00 (1.61)	0.414
Phenol Sulfate	3.40 (2.61)	6.71 (10.78)	0.141
Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO)	7.7 (8.27)	6.17 (6.93)	0.412
Phenylacetylglutamine (PAG)	3.06 (3.31)	4.61 (6.93)	0.183
Indoxyl sulfate	3.56 (3.63)	4.61 (4.26)	0.652
p-Cresol sulfate	32.4 (27.2)	28.1 (17.8)	0.787
Phenylacetylglycine (PAGLY)	0.0085 (0.005)	0.15 (0.21)	0.136
4-ethylphenyl sulfate (4-EPS)	0.97 (2.45)	2.29 (6.03)	0.372
Trimethylamine (TMA)	1.05 (2.66)	0.611 (1.74)	0.632