Table 2. Baseline characteristics and factors associated with non-adherence according to the ‘1–3–6–12 days rule’8 in 650 registry patients with known AF at the time of the index stroke/TIA, hospitalisation within 72 hours of symptom onset and completed 3 months follow-up or predefined clinical endpoint (recurrent ischaemic stroke, systemic embolism, myocardial infarction, haemorrhagic stroke, major bleed or all-cause death) within 3 months after the index stroke/TIA.
| Non-adherencen=395 | Adherencen=255 | Bivariate analysis*OR (95% CI) | P value | Multivariable analysis*OR (95% CI) | P value | |
| Age, (years), median (IQR) | 78 (71–84) | 77 (72–82) | 1.00 (0.98 to 1.01) | 0.578 | 1.01 (0.97 to 1.05) | 0.716 |
| Sex (male), n (%) | 211 (53.4) | 131 (51.4) | 1.09 (0.79 to 1.49) | 0.610 | 0.81 (0.43 to 1.54) | 0.523 |
| Intravenous thrombolysis, n (%) | 46 (11.7) | 30 (11.8) | 0.99 (0.61 to 1.62) | 0.972 | 0.49 (0.26 to 0.90) | 0.021 |
| Endovascular treatment, n (%) | 37 (9.4) | 11 (4.3) | 2.29 (1.15 to 4.58) | 0.019 | 2.07 (0.91 to 4.70) | 0.084 |
| Carotid endarterectomy, n (%) | 5 (1.3) | 1 (0.4) | 3.26 (0.38 to 28.04) | 0.282 | 3.12 (0.34 to 28.63) | 0.315 |
| CHA2DS2-VASc post-stroke, median (IQR) | 6 (5–7) | 6 (5–6) | 1.01 (0.89 to 1.14) | 0.897 | 0.88 (0.51 to 1.49) | 0.627 |
| HAS-BLED post-stroke, median (IQR) | 3 (3–4) | 3 (3–4) | 1.13 (0.94 to 1.36) | 0.202 | 1.02 (0.77 to 1.37) | 0.870 |
| Infarct size according to imaging, n (%) | ||||||
| None | 163 (45.7) | 150 (62.5) | 1 | <0.001 | 1 | 0.037 |
| Small | 161 (45.1) | 82 (34.2) | 1.81 (1.28 to 2.55) | <0.001 | 1.44 (0.99 to 2.10) | 0.059 |
| Moderate-to-large | 33 (9.2) | 8 (3.3) | 3.80 (1.70 to 8.48) | 0.001 | 2.67 (1.09 to 6.53) | 0.032 |
| Haemorrhagic transformation, n (%) | 29 (7.4) | 8 (3.2) | 2.43 (1.09 to 5.41) | 0.029 | 0.93 (0.36 to 2.40) | 0.887 |
| In-hospital neurological deterioration, n (%) | 31 (7.8) | 9 (3.5) | 2.33 (1.09 to 4.98) | 0.029 | 3.29 (1.19 to 9.13) | 0.022 |
| Uncontrolled arterial hypertension, n (%) | 18 (4.6) | 10 (3.9) | 1.17 (0.53 to 2.58) | 0.697 | 1.04 (0.44 to 2.46) | 0.936 |
| Oral anticoagulation on admission, n (%) | 213 (53.9) | 190 (74.5) | 0.40 (0.28 to 0.57) | <0.001 | 0.40 (0.26 to 0.62) | <0.001 |
*
Setting adherence to the ‘1–3–6–12 days rule’ as reference. Additionally, adjusted for cardiovascular risk-factors: prior stroke or (TIA), vascular disease, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, heart failure, impaired renal function at baseline.
AFatrial fibrillationCHA2DS2-VASccongestive heart failure, hypertension, age ≥75 (doubled), diabetes, stroke (doubled), vascular disease, age 65 to 74 and sex category (female)HAS-BLEDhypertension, abnormal renal/liver function, stroke, bleeding history or predisposition, labile INR [international normalized ratio], elderly, drugs/alcohol concomitantlyTIAtransient ischaemic attack