Table 3. Bivariate HRs and multivariable HRs and corresponding 95% CIs on the composite endpoint (recurrent ischaemic stroke or TIA, systemic embolism, myocardial infarction, haemorrhagic stroke, major bleeding or all-cause death) according to baseline characteristics and (re)starting OAC in 708 registry patients with known AF at the time of the index stroke/TIA, hospitalisation within 72 hours of symptom onset and available start time of OAC after the index stroke/TIA.
| No endpoint(n=651) | Composite endpoint(n=57) | Bivariate HR(95% CI) | BivariateCox-modelP value | MultivariableCox model*HR (95% CI) | MultivariableCox modelP value | |
| Age, median (IQR) | 77 (71–82) | 79 (75–85) | 1.03 (1.00 to 1.06) | 0.077 | 1.00 (0.94 to 1.07) | 0.966 |
| Sex (male), n (%) | 345 (53.0) | 27 (47.4) | 0.81 (0.48 to 1.36) | 0.421 | 0.83 (0.29 to 2.38) | 0.730 |
| Index stroke: TIA, n (%) | 180 (27.3) | 15 (26.3) | 0.94 (0.52 to 1.69) | 0.835 | 1.05 (0.53 to 2.05) | 0.895 |
| NIHSS score on admission (points), median (IQR) | 2 (1–5) | 3 (1–5) | 1.01 (0.95 to 1.07) | 0.732 | 0.42 (0.09 to 1.94) | 0.792 |
| Intravenous thrombolysis, n (%) | 78 (12.0) | 3 (5.3) | 0.41 (0.13 to 1.31) | 0.131 | 0.36 (0.04 to 3.27) | 0.268 |
| Endovascular treatment, n (%) | 48 (7.4) | 3 (5.3) | 0.69 (0.22 to 2.20) | 0.527 | 2.73 (0.34 to 21.9) | 0.363 |
| Carotid endarterectomy, n (%) | 6 (0.9) | 1 (1.8) | 1.84 (0.26 to 13.3) | 0.546 | 1.01 (0.92 to 1.11) | 0.344 |
| Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor at baseline, n (%) | 23 (3.5) | 2 (3.6) | 0.90 (0.22 to 3.68) | 0.880 | 0.57 (0.13 to 2.41) | 0.443 |
| CHA2DS2-VASc post-stroke, median (IQR) | 6 (5–6) | 6 (5–7) | 1.20 (0.97 to 1.47) | 0.088 | 1.13 (0.46 to 2.74) | 0.792 |
| HAS-BLED post-stroke, median (IQR) | 3 (3–4) | 3 (3–4) | 1.26 (0.93 to 1.69) | 0.135 | 1.08 (0.68 to 1.70) | 0.756 |
| OAC on admission | 394 (60.5) | 38 (66.7) | 1.24 (0.72 to 2.15) | 0.443 | 1.34 (0.68 to 2.65) | 0.402 |
| (Re-)start of OAC within 3 months follow-up | 614 (94.3) | 47 (82.5) | 0.32 (0.16 to 0.61) | <0.001 | 0.29 (0.13 to 0.67) | 0.003 |
(Re)starting of OAC was modelled as a time-varying covariate.
*
Additionally adjusted for cardiovascular risk factors: prior stroke or TIA, vascular disease, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, heart failure, impaired renal function at baseline, duration of in-hospital stay (≤5 vs >5 days).
AFatrial fibrillationHAS-BLEDhypertension, abnormal renal/liver function, stroke, bleeding history or predisposition, labile INR [international normalized ratio], elderly, drugs/alcohol concomitantlyNIHSSNational Institutes of Health ScaleOACoral anticoagulantTIAtransient ischaemic attack