Table 3.
Relative changes (%) in antibacterial drug consumption (RDDs, pooled data) (index year 2019) by different drugs/drug classes.
| Antibacterial Drug/Class | % Change | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | |
| Carbapenems | +1.2 | +7.0 | +4.0 |
| 3°/4° Cephalosporins | −4.6 | −5.3 | −6.4 |
| 1°/2° Cephalosporins | −19.2 | −25.1 | −26.7 |
| Broad-spectrum penicillins | −1.3 | +4.5 | +8.3 |
| Aminopenicillin-BLI | −8.6 | −9.8 | −0.2 |
| Narrow-spectrum penicillins | −11.6 | −10.5 | −5.5 |
| Fluoroquinolones | −22.7 | −30.6 | −32.8 |
| Macrolides & clindamycin | −9.5 | −17.3 | −18.4 |
| Glycopeptides & linezolid | +0.4 | +0.7 | +1.8 |
| others | −12.8 | −15.8 | −19.4 |
| Total (pooled) | −9.7 | −11.0 | −10.1 |
Here, 3°/4° Cephalosporins = third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins, including the new agents ceftazidime-avibactam, ceftolozane-tazobactam, ceftaroline, and cefiderocol; 1°/2° Cephalosporins = first- and second-generation cephalosporins. Broad-spectrum penicillins = piperacillin and piperacillin-tazobactam. BLI = betalactamase inhibitor.