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Modes of ligand binding to DNA. DNA can bind to small molecules or drugs through covalent or non-covalent interactions. Covalent binding in DNA can be irreversible and can lead to inhibition of all DNA processes that subsequently lead to cell death. Covalent interactions lead to permanent changes in the structure of nucleic acids. Non-covalent interaction of molecules with DNA can be due to electrostatic interaction, intercalation, and groove binding.
