Figure 5. MAPK/ERK pathway confers interferon responses in glioma.

(A) Bulk RNA-seq analysis of human GB cell line AM38-NTC and AM38-ERK KO. Heatmap displaying differential gene expression. NTC vs ERK1/2 KO is focused for further analysis. (B) Gene set enrichment analysis comparing AM38-NTC and AM38-ERK1/2 KO. (C) Uniform manifold approximation and projection dimensional reduction of the GBmap reference dataset. Each color indicates the different cell types. (D) Gene signatures from AM38-NTC and ERK1/2 KO are projected on GBmap reference dataset (top)³³. Signatures of interferon alpha, beta, and gamma in the GBmap reference dataset (bottom). (E) Spatial transcriptomic and scRNA-seq analysis of slice culture of BRAF^V600E GB tumor treated with BRAFi/MEKi. The H&E image demonstrates the histology of slice culture (left). Each color indicates the different cell types (right). (F) Spatial transcriptomic and single cell RNA sequencing analysis of slice culture GB samples treated with temozolomide. (G) Spatial images of Type II interferon signature in slice culture samples treated with temozolomide (left) and BRAFi/MEKi (right). (H) Differential analysis of interferon type I and II signatures comparing temozolomide and BRAFi/MEKi treated slice culture.