Table 3.

Stratified analyses of the associations between quartiles of ABSI levels and the risk of all-cause mortality among individuals with metabolic syndrome in NHANES 1999–2018

Subgroups	N	Quartiles of ABSI levels				P-int
		< 0.080	0.080–0.083	0.084–0.086	> 0.086
Age						0.868
20–39	1367	1 [Reference]	1.151 (0.409–3.239)	2.328 (0.708–7.656)	1.344 (0.304–5.940)
40–59	2909	1 [Reference]	1.227 (0.816–1.843)	1.757 (1.173–2.633)	1.811 (1.123–2.921)
≥ 60	4103	1 [Reference]	1.283 (0.946–1.742)	1.442 (1.103–1.883)	1.897 (1.460–2.465)
Sex						0.444
Female	4252	1 [Reference]	1.338 (0.877–2.041)	1.762 (1.175–2.641)	2.311 (1.556–3.432)
Male	4127	1 [Reference]	1.312 (0.984–1.750)	1.562 (1.188–2.055)	1.712 (1.334–2.196)
Race/ethnicity						0.467
Mexican American	1564	1 [Reference]	1.108 (0.608–2.017)	1.456 (0.767–2.765)	2.079 (1.130–3.826)
Other Hispanic	764	1 [Reference]	1.407 (0.334–5.927)	1.531 (0.402–5.832)	1.979 (0.519–7.551)
Non-Hispanic White	3922	1 [Reference]	1.239 (0.907–1.693)	1.575 (1.201–2.065)	1.859 (1.435–2.409)
Non-Hispanic Black	1465	1 [Reference]	1.236 (0.831–1.841)	1.402 (0.927–2.123)	2.271 (1.556–3.317)
Other race	664	1 [Reference]	1.933 (0.563–6.631)	1.760 (0.426–7.270)	1.636 (0.468–5.726)
Education level						0.433
Below high school	2593	1 [Reference]	1.123 (0.729–1.730)	1.594 (1.118–2.273)	1.762 (1.279–2.428)
High school	2052	1 [Reference]	1.754 (1.119–2.749)	1.811 (1.184–2.769)	2.672 (1.761–4.054)
Above high school	3734	1 [Reference]	1.111 (0.784–1.576)	1.401 (0.966–2.032)	1.599 (1.085–2.358)
Family PIR						0.388
≤ 1.0	1766	1 [Reference]	1.445 (0.836–2.496)	2.063 (1.245–3.417)	2.385 (1.464–3.886)
1.1–3.0	3764	1 [Reference]	1.070 (0.760–1.507)	1.489 (1.056–2.101)	1.630 (1.175–2.261)
> 3.0	2849	1 [Reference]	1.559 (1.077–2.255)	1.516 (1.035–2.221)	2.188 (1.516–3.156)
Smoking status						0.078
Never smoker,	4161	1 [Reference]	1.411 (1.014–1.965)	1.755 (1.300–2.370)	1.861 (1.369–2.530)
Former smoker	2586	1 [Reference]	1.320 (0.869–2.006)	1.314 (0.851–2.030)	2.179 (1.408–3.373)
Current smoker	1632	1 [Reference]	1.020 (0.628–1.658)	1.639 (0.975–2.757)	1.611 (1.006–2.579)
Drinking status						0.278
Nondrinker,	2229	1 [Reference]	1.322 (0.920–1.898)	1.463 (1.010–2.120)	1.688 (1.187-2.400)
Low-to-moderate drinker	5546	1 [Reference]	1.324 (0.950–1.846)	1.718 (1.240–2.380)	2.179 (1.612–2.946)
Heavy drinker	604	1 [Reference]	1.030 (0.455–2.331)	1.238 (0.577–2.656)	1.283 (0.600-2.743)
Physical activity						0.838
Inactive	2707	1 [Reference]	1.094 (0.781–1.534)	1.334 (0.971–1.833)	1.657 (1.230–2.233)
Insufficiently active	3081	1 [Reference]	1.321 (0.887–1.968)	1.791 (1.186–2.704)	2.171 (1.405–3.357)
Active	2591	1 [Reference]	1.594 (0.982–2.588)	1.753 (1.087–2.829)	2.170 (1.366–3.445)
HEI						0.361
Quartile 1	2095	1 [Reference]	0.920 (0.590–1.434)	1.413 (0.923–2.163)	1.405 (0.916–2.155)
Quartile 2	2095	1 [Reference]	1.654 (1.033–2.649)	1.946 (1.306–2.899)	2.018 (1.312–3.105)
Quartile 3	2094	1 [Reference]	1.367 (0.893–2.094)	1.348 (0.852–2.132)	2.215 (1.458–3.365)
Quartile 4	2095	1 [Reference]	1.244 (0.737-2.100)	1.665 (1.052–2.636)	2.145 (1.325–3.474)

Abbreviations: P-int, P for interaction; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; ABSI, a body shape index

The data are presented as HRs (95% CIs) unless otherwise indicated. Analyses were adjusted for age (20–39, 40–59, or ≥ 60), sex (male or female), race/ethnicity (Mexican American, other Hispanic, non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, or other races), education level (below high school, high school, or above high school), family PIR (≤ 1.0, 1.1–3.0, or > 3.0), smoking status (never smoker, former smoker, or current smoker), drinking status (nondrinker, low–to–moderate drinker, or heavy drinker), PA (inactive, insufficiently active, or active), HEI (in quartiles), and CCI (continous) when they were not the strata variables