Table 1.
Characteristics of Study Participants
| Variables | COPD (N=1064) | P | COPD (N=1064) | P | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No Anxiety n=853 (80.2) |
Anxiety n =211 (19.8) |
No Depression n =745 (70.0) |
Depression n =319 (30.0) |
|||
| Age (years), mean ± SD | 70.07 ± 8.50 | 69.58 ± 9.36 | 0.466 | 69.98 ± 8.61 | 69.96 ± 8.84 | 0.974 |
| Male, n (%) | 677 (80.0) | 169 (20.0) | 0.815 | 592 (70.0) | 254 (30.0) | 0.953 |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean ± SD | 21.84 ± 4.08 | 22.10 ± 4.09 | 0.399 | 21.74 ± 3.97 | 22.24 ± 4.32 | 0.068 |
| CAT, mean ± SD | 14.17 ± 6.83 | 17.67 ± 7.66 | < 0.01 | 13.97 ± 6.97 | 16.98 ±7.19 | < 0.01 |
| FEV1% predicted, mean ± SD | 51.13 ± 21.30 | 53.95 ± 22.42 | 0.089 | 50.67 ± 21.09 | 54.07 ± 22.43 | 0.018 |
| CCI, mean ± SD | 3.14 ± 1.22 | 2.88 ± 1.13 | 0.005 | 3.14 ± 1.24 | 2.96 ± 1.14 | 0.027 |
| mMRC, n (%) | 0.252 | 0.998 | ||||
| 0–1 | 359 (78.6) | 98 (21.4) | 320 (70.0) | 137 (30.0) | ||
| 2–4 | 494 (81.4) | 113 (18.6) | 425 (70.0) | 182 (30.0) | ||
| Oxygen therapy, n (%) | < 0.01 | 0.001 | ||||
| No | 758 (82.5) | 161 (17.5) | 661 (71.9) | 258 (28.1) | ||
| Yes | 95 (65.5) | 50 (34.5) | 84 (57.9) | 61 (42.1) | ||
| Smoker, n (%) | 619 (79.3) | 162 (20.7) | 0.215 | 541 (69.3) | 240 (30.7) | 0.376 |
| Education level, n (%) | 0.021 | 0.004 | ||||
| High education level | 241 (84.9) | 43 (15.1) | 218 (76.8) | 66 (23.2) | ||
| Low education level | 612 (78.5) | 168 (21.5) | 527 (67.6) | 253 (32.4) | ||
| Living environment, n (%) | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | ||||
| Rural living environment | 673 (83.5) | 133 (16.5) | 596 (73.9) | 210 (26.1) | ||
| Urban living environment | 180 (69.8) | 78 (30.2) | 149 (57.8) | 109 (42.2) | ||
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; FEV1% predicted, percentage predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second; CAT, COPD Assessment Test; CCI, Charlson Comorbidity Index; mMRC, modified Medical Research Council; SD, standard deviation.