| AF2 | Activation function 2 |
| Akt | Protein kinase B |
| AML | Acute myeloid leukemia |
| AOM | Azoxymethane |
| AR | Androgen receptor |
| Bax | Bcl-2 Associated X-protein |
| BCC | Basal cell carcinoma |
| Bcl-2 | B-cell lymphoma 2 |
| C/EBP | CCAAT/enhancer binding protein |
| CAM | Chick chorioallantoic membrane |
| CD44 | Cluster of differentiation 44 |
| CDKs | Cyclin-dependent kinases |
| CKII | Casein kinase II |
| COX-2 | Cyclooxygenase-2 |
| CRC | Colorectal cancer |
| EMT | Epithelial-mesenchymal transition |
| EP2 | Prostaglandin E2 receptor |
| ERα | Estrogen receptor alpha |
| ERK | Extracellular signal-regulated kinase |
| ESRRα | Estrogen-related receptor alpha |
| ESRRγ | Estrogen-related receptor gamma |
| FAK | Focal adhesion kinase |
| GM-CSF | Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor |
| GnRH | Gonadotropin-releasing hormone |
| GPCR | G protein-coupled receptor |
| HCC | Hepatocellular carcinoma |
| HER | Human epidermal growth factor receptor |
| hTERT | Human telomerase reverse transcriptase |
| HUVECs | Human umbilical vein endothelial cells |
| IGFBP3 | Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 |
| IL | Interleukin |
| IU | International units |
| JNK | c-Jun N-terminal kinase |
| KPS | Karnofsky Performance Scale |
| MAPK | Mitogen-activated protein kinase |
| MARRS | Membrane-associated, rapid response steroid-binding |
| MEK | Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase |
| MMP | Matrix metalloproteinase |
| Myc | Myelocytomatosis |
| NCoA62–SKIP | Nuclear coactivator-62 kDa/Ski-interacting protein |
| NF-κB | Nuclear factor kappa B |
| NMU | N-methyl-N-nitrosourea |
| PARG | Poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase |
| PGDH | 15-Hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase |
| PI3K | Phosphoinositide 3-kinase |
| PKC | Protein kinase C |
| PSA | Prostate-specific antigen |
| PTEN | Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 |
| PTH | Parathyroid hormone |
| RCC | Renal cell carcinoma |
| RCTs | Randomized controlled trials |
| RDA | Recommended dietary allowance |
| ROS | Reactive oxygen species |
| RXR | Retinoic acid receptor |
| SCC | Squamous cell carcinoma |
| SMRT | Silencing mediator for retinoid and thyroid hormone receptors |
| SNAI1 | Snail family transcriptional repressor-1 |
| SNP | Single nucleotide polymorphism |
| SRCs | Steroid receptor coactivators |
| SVEC-vGPCR | Sarcoma-associated herpesvirus GPCR-transformed endothelial cells |
| Tcf-1 | T-cell factor 1 |
| TDECs | Tumor-derived endothelial cells |
| TGFβ | Transforming growth factor-β |
| TNBC | Triple-negative breast cancer |
| VDBP | Vitamin D-binding protein |
| VDR | Vitamin D receptor |
| VDRE | Vitamin D-response elements |
| VEGF | Vascular endothelial growth factor |
| ZEB1 | Zinc finger E-box binding homeobox-1 |