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. 2024 Sep 23;13(18):3008. doi: 10.3390/foods13183008

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© 2024 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Forest plot of randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of nut consumption combined with energy-restricted diet on fat-free mass or lean mass [28,41,42,44,47]. Squares represent the weight of studies in meta-analysis and horizontal lines, the 95% CI; diamond’s center represents the combined treatment effect and horizontal tips represent the 95% CI. CI: confidence interval; SMD: standard mean difference. T1, first assessment after intervention; T2, second assessment after intervention; CV, conventional peanuts group; HOP, high-oleic peanuts group; WP, whole roasted peanuts group; SP, skinned peanuts group.