ACE2	angiotensin-converting enzyme 2
ACL	ATP-dependent citrate lyase
ACO1	cytoplasmic aconitase
ACP	accessory protein
AECs	airway epithelial cells
a-KG	a-ketoglutarate
AKI	acute kidney injury
Akt	protein kinase B
AMs	alveolar macrophages
AMPK	AMP-activated protein kinase
AP-1	activator protein 1
Asp	aspartate
BEC	bronchial epithelial cell
BMDM	bone marrow-derived macrophages
BOT	benfooxythiamine
C1	one-carbon metabolism
CARKL	carbohydrate kinase-like protein
Cit	citrate
CKI	chronic kidney injury
CLR	C-type lectin receptor
CMs	cardiomyocytes
CNS	central nervous system
CoA	coenzyme A
CS	citrate synthase
d-ALA	d-aminolevulinic acid
DC	dentritic cell
DEGs	differentially expressed genes
2-DG	2-deoxyglucose
DON	diazo-oxo-norleucine
dpi	days post infection
EnCs	endothelial cells
EpCs	epithelial cells
EGFR	epidermal growth factor receptor
ERBB2	epidermal growth factor receptor 2
ETC	electron transport chain
FPP	fructose-1,6-diphosphate
FAO	fatty acid oxidation
FAS	fatty acid synthesis
FBs	fibroblasts
FCS	bovine calf serum
Fum	fumarate
FUM	fumarase
G6P	glucose-6-phosphate
GABA	g-aminobutyric acid
GAP	glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
GAPDH	glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
GCs	goblet cells
GI	gastrointestinal
Gln	glutamine
Glu	glutamate
GLUT	glucose transporter
GLS	glutamate synthase
GN	gluconeogenesis
GP73	Golgi protein 73
GRP78	glucose-regulated protein 78
HAE	human airway epithelial
HCV	hepatitis C virus
HIF-1	hypoxia-inducible transcription factor 1
HK-1	hexokinase 1
HK-2	hexokinase 2
HMC3	human microglial clone 3
hPSCs	human pluripotent stem cells
HUVECs	human umbilical vein endothelial cells
Ica	itaconate
Icit	isocitrate
IDH1	isocitrate dehydrogenase 1
IE	intestinal epithelium
IFN	interferon
IL	interleukin
IMs	interstitial macrophages
iNOS	inducible NO synthase
ISCs	intestinal stem cells
ISGs	interferon stimulated genes
LDH	lactate dehydrogenase
LDH-A	lactate dehydrogenase A
LDH-B	lactate dehydrogenase B
LFA-1	lymphocyte function-associated antigen
LKB1	liver kinase B1
LPS	lipopolysaccharide
LRT	lower respiratory tract
Mal	malate
MDH1	malate dehydrogenase 1
MDMs	monocyte derived macrophages
MERS	Middle East Respiratory Syndrome
moDCs	DCs dervied from blood monocytes
MOI	multiplicity of infection
MP	macrophage
MPC	mitochondrial pyruvate carrier complex
MR	mannose receptor
MTHFD2	methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 2
mTOR	mammalian target of rapamycin
mTORC1	mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1
mTORC2	mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2
Myc	myelocytomatosis oncogene
NE	nasal epithelium
NECs	nasal epithelial cells
NETs	neutrophil extracellular traps
NFAT	nuclear factor of activated T-cells
NF-κB	nuclear factor 'kappa-light-chain-enhancer' of activated B-cells
NK	natural killer
NRP1	neuropilin-1
NSCLC	non-small cell lung cancer
NSP	non-structural protein
NTPs	nucleoside triphosphates
OAA	oxaloacetate
OGDC	oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex
OXPHOS	oxidative phosphorylation
PASC	post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection
PBMCs	peripheral blood mononuclear cells
PC	pyruvate carboxlyase
PCs	Paneth cells
PDH	pyruvate dehydrogenase
PDHK	pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase
PEP	phosphoenolpyruvate
PEPCK	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase
PFK-1	phosphofructokinase 1
pi	post infection
PI3K	phosphoinositide-3-kinase
PK	pyruvate kinase
PKM-2	pyruvate kinase isoenzyme 2
PMA	phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate
PPP	pentose phosphate pathway
PRPP	phosphoribosyl diphosphate
PRVs	positive-sense single strand RNA viruses
PTCs	proximal tubular cells
PTEN	phosphatase and tensin homolog
Pyr	pyruvate
R5P	ribose-5-phosphate
RB	retinoblastoma protein
RBD	receptor binding domain
RdRp	RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
Ribu5P	ribulose-5-phosphate
ROS	reactive oxygen species
RTC	replication/transcription complex
SARS-CoV	Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus
SARS-CoV-2	Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2
SCS	succinyl-CoA synthetase
SDH	succinate dehydrogenase
SIRT	sirtuin
SP	structural protein
ssRNA	single-stranded RNA
Suc	succinate
Suc-CoA	succinyl-CoA
TCA cycle	tricarboxylic acid cycle
TCR	T-cell receptor
TGF	transforming growth factor
TKT	tranketolase
TLR	Toll-like receptor
TMPRSS2	transmembrane protease serine subtype 2
TNF	tumor necrose factor