| B6 | vitamin B6 |
| PLP | pyridoxal 5′-phosphate |
| PN | pyridoxine |
| PL | pyridoxal |
| PM | pyridoxamine |
| H2S | hydrogen sulfide |
| CVD | cardiovascular diseases |
| IL-6 | interleukin-6 |
| IL-7 | interleukin-7 |
| IL-8 | interleukin-8 |
| SPARC | secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine |
| AMPK | 5′ adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase |
| GDF-11 | growth differentiation factor-11 |
| LIF | leukemia inhibitory factor |
| RARRE1 | retinoic acid receptor responder 1 |
| HSP60 | heat shock protein 60 |
| Nrf2 | NF-E2-related factor 2 |
| HO-1 | heme oxygenase-1 |
| SOD-2 | superoxide dismutase-2 |
| GPx-1 | glutathione peroxidase-1 |
| GST | glutathione S-transferase |
| Carnosine | β-alanyl-L-histidine |
| BA | β-alanine |
| HIIT | high-intensity interval training |
| NLRP3 | nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family, pyrin domain-containing 3 |
| IL-1β | interleukin-1β |
| TNFα | tumor necrosis factor-α |
| NF-κB | nuclear factor-kappa B |
| CGL | cystathionine-γ-lyase |
| GPR35 | G protein-coupled receptor 35 |
| KAT | kynurenine aminotransferase |
| ALT | alanine aminotransferase |
| AST | aspartate aminotransferase |
| GP | glycogen phosphorylase |
| ALS | 5-aminolevulinate synthase |
| PLPHP | pyridoxal 5′-phosphate homeostasis protein |
| PAr index | (4-PA): (PL + PLP) index |
| 4-PA | 4-pyridoxic acid |
| ODC | ornithine decarboxylase |
| HDC | histidine decarboxylase |
| SPT | serine palmitoyltransferase |
| PK | pyridoxal kinase |
| TNAP | tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase |