Table 4.
Preclinical research for mRNA–LNP vaccines against infectious diseases.
| Virus | Vaccine | Lipid Nanoparticle Components | Molar Lipid Ratios | Target Antigen | Route | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HIV-1 | Env-mRNA-LNP | L319, DSPC, cholesterol, PEG-DMG | 55:10:32.5:2.5 | HIV-1 Env gp160 | IM | [133] |
| HIV-1 | VCR01- mRNA-LNP |
L319, DSPC, cholesterol, PEG-DMG | 50:10:38.5:1.5 | Light- and heavy-chain broadly neutralizing anti-HIV-1 antibody VRC01 |
IV | [134] |
| Lyme | OspA-mRNA-LNP | ALC-0315 lipids, DSPC, cholesterol, and PEG-DAG | NR | Outer surface protein A (OspA) | Subcutaneous injection | [135] |
| Rabis | RABV-G-mRNA | Ionizable amino lipids, phospholipids, cholesterol, PEGylated lipids |
NR | Glycoprotein of the Pasteur strain | ID/IM | [136] |
| Ebola | GP-mRNA-LNP | DMAP-BLP, DSPC, cholesterol and PEG–lipids | 50:10:38.5:1.5 | EBOV envelope GP | IM | [137] |
| CMV | PC mRNA-LNP | DMAP-BLP, DSPC, cholesterol, PEG-DSG | 50:10:38.5:1.5 | CMV glycoprotein gB and pentameric complex |
IM | [138] |
| RSV | F-mRNA-LNP | Asymmetric ionizable amino lipids, DSPC, cholesterol, PEG2000-DMG | 58:30:10:2 | F protein of RSV and its related variants | IM | [139] |
| IBV | HA/NA/NP/M2- mRNA-LNP |
ALC-0315 lipids, phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol, PEGylated lipids | NR | HAs from two lineages | ID | [140] |
| ZIKV | ZIKV prM-E mRNA-LNP | Ionizable amino lipids, phospholipids, cholesterol, PEGylated lipids |
NR | prM and E glycoproteins of ZIKV strain Brazil SPH2015 |
IP | [141] |
| DENV-2 | PrME, E80, NS1-mRNA-LNP | D-Lin-MC3-DMA, DSPC, cholesterol, PEGylated lipids |
50:10:38.5:1.5 | Structural proteins prME and E80 and nonstructural protein NS1 from DENV-2 |
IM | [142] |
| Powassan | POWV prM-E-mRNA-LNP | ALC-0315 lipids, structural lipids, sterol, PEGylated lipids |
50:10:38.5:1.5 | POWV prM and E proteins | IP | [143] |
IM: intramuscular injection; ID: intradermal injection; IV: intravenous injection; NR: no report; IP: intraperitoneal injection; CMV: Cytomegalovirus; RSV: Respiratory Syncytial Virus; IBV: Infectious Bronchitis Virus; ZIKV: Zika Virus; DENV-2: Dengue virus.