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. 2024 Sep 21;25(18):10147. doi: 10.3390/ijms251810147

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Estrogen partially improves glucose and insulin homeostasis in ovariectomized HFHSD-fed diabetic female mice. (a) Comparison of estrogen levels in OVX mice fed a ND or a HFHSD and injected twice with 50 µg/kg of β-estradiol (E2) at post-injection 1 week or given no injection (NI). n = 7 per group. (b,c) Fasting blood glucose levels and body mass in OVX mice fed a HFHSD and injected twice (↓) with E2 or given NI. n = 7 per group. * p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01 (E2 versus NI). n = 5–10 per group. (d) Comparison of GTT and ITT after the 2nd E2 injection. n = 7 per group. * p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01 (E2 versus NI). (e) Comparison of insulin levels after 6 h of fasting in OVX mice fed a ND or HFHSD after the 2nd E2 injection. n = 3 (pancreas) or 7 (blood) per group. * p < 0.05. (f,g) Quantification of NCOR2 and phosphorylated-AKT (Ser473) in the pancreas of OVX female mice fed a ND or a HFHSD after the 2nd E2 injection. n = 3 per group. ** p < 0.01 (versus OVX mice fed HFHSD and given NI). Error bars indicate the SEM derived from one-way ANOVA.