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Diagrammatic representation of the following steps: (a–c) the setup for the anodization process and the deposition of the aluminum film; (d–f) Al film at various anodization stages (the cross-sectional view); and (g) the creation of the PDLC-based smart window device using anodized nanoporous aluminum (AAO/Al). The PDLC smart window can be in one of two states: (h) opaque or OFF or (i) transparent or ON. Reproduced from [180] under permissions from copyright clearance center.
