Table 3.

Surface modification techniques and curcumin concentrations.

Study	Surface Modification Technique	Curcumin Concentration	Substrate Type	Additional Bioactive Molecules
Majumdar et al., 2024 [15]	Dip-coating	500 μg in ethanol (1:4 w/v ratio)	HA-coated Ti64 alloy	Vitamin K
Khushram et al., 2023 [31]	Dip-coating	500 μg in ethanol (1:4 w/v ratio)	HA-coated Ti64 alloy	EGCG
Chen D et al., 2022 [32]	Polydopamine-mediated coating	10 μM and 20 μM in aqueous solution	Ti-5 wt% Cu alloy	None
Sarkar et al., 2020 [18]	Dip-coating	0.5 g in ethanol	HA-coated Ti6Al4V Grade 5	Vitamin K2
Chowdhary et al., 2018 [33]	Hydrogel coating	25%, 50%, 75% with acemannan	Grade IV Ti	Acemannan
He et al., 2015 [9]	Polydopamine-mediated coating	10 μM and 20 μM in water	Ti Sheet	None