Table 4.

Cell types and outcome measures.

Study	Cell Types	Primary Outcome Measures	Secondary Outcome Measures
Majumdar et al., 2024 [15]	hFOB, THP1 monocytes, MG-63	MTT cell viability assay	TRAP assay for osteoclast activity
Khushram et al., 2023 [31]	MG-63, hFOB	MTT assay, ALP assay	Immunohistochemistry
Chen D et al., 2022 [32]	BMSCs	CCK8 assay for cell viability	ALP activity, Osteogenic gene expression
Sarkar et al., 2020 [18]	hFOB, MG-63	MTT Cell Viability Assay	pH-dependent release kinetics
Chowdhary et al., 2018 [33]	MG-63	MTT assay	Alkaline phosphatase activity assay
He et al., 2015 [9]	NIH3T3, MC3T3-E1	MTT assay	ALP activity, Calcium deposition