Figure 2.

This figure elucidates the progression of tissue damage and the subsequent healing mechanism. The initial stage (I) involves tissue radiation, leading to the generation of ROS (reactive oxygen species) and cytokines. The second and third stages (II–III) encompass the activation of inflammation genes (such as NF-κB—“nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells”) and cells, resulting in the production of IL-1-6 (interleukins 1-6) and TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor α). The fourth stage (IV) is characterized by tissue colonization and the formation of pseudomembrane and fibrin (N1—pro-inflammatory neutrophils). The final stage (V) culminates in the restoration of healthy tissue (N2—anti-inflammatory neutrophils).