Fig 9. Metformin lotion decreases TGF-β1 levels in the wounded skin of rats after 10 days of wound healing.

The results show that 6% ML inhibits TGF-β1 expression in wounded skin areas (E-H). In contrast, the wounds treated with 0% ML express higher levels of TGF-β1 (A-D) compared to 6% ML-treated wounds. Semi-quantification results agree with these findings (I). *p < 0.001, compared to the 0% ML treated wound. ML: Metformin Lotion. Scale bars: 500 μm (white), 200 μm (yellow). C: Merged images of A and B; G: Merged images of E and F; D: Enlarged yellow box area in C; H: Enlarged yellow box area in G. Analysis was conducted using immunostaining.