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. 2024 Aug 28;14(9):915. doi: 10.3390/jpm14090915

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© 2024 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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The upper segment represents the negative feedback mechanism between thyroid hormones and TRH/TSH. The right segment (the figure side) presents the gonadotropin effect on folliculogenesis. The left segment (the figure side) presents the impaired hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis, increased LH and decreased FSH, and the increased number of preantral and small antral follicles all contributing to the high serum AMH concentration in PCOS, with the arrest in follicular maturation and its importance for IVF.