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. 2024 Sep 12;14(9):1156. doi: 10.3390/life14091156

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© 2024 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Algorithm B aims to estimate left ventricular (LV) pressure and grade LV diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) in patients with reduced LV ejection fraction (LVEF) and those with myocardial disease but normal LVEF. ⬆ and ⬆⬆ indicate a mild increase and a greater increase, respectively, in left atrial (LA) pressure. E/A: ratio of mitral peak velocities of early and late filling; e′: mitral annular velocity of early filling by tissue Doppler; TR max: peak velocity of tricuspid regurgitation; LA: left atrial; LAP: LA pressure.