Table 5. Distribution of diabetic retinopathy severity by hemoglobin levels in male and female patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Hemoglobin level (mg/dL)	Diabetic retinopathy in males, n (%)
	Mild	Moderate	Severe	Proliferative	p-value
Normal (>13 mg/dL)	26 (21.5)	36 (29.8)	19 (15.7)	40 (33.1)	0.279
Mild anemia (11-12.9 mg/dL)	6 (12.2)	10 (20.4)	8 (16.3)	25 (51.0)
Moderate anemia (8-10.9 mg/dL)	3 (18.8)	4 (25.0)	0 (0)	9 (56.3)
Severe anemia (<8 mg/dL)	0 (0)	(0)	0 (0)	1 (100)
Hemoglobin level (mg/dL)	Diabetic retinopathy in females, n (%)
	Mild	Moderate	Severe	Proliferative	p-value
Normal (>12 mg/dL)	15 (14.7)	35 (34.3)	13 (12.7)	39 (38.2)	0.999
Mild anemia (11-11.9 mg/dL)	7 (16.7)	13 (31.0)	5 (11.9)	17 (40.5)
Moderate anemia (8-10.9 mg/dL)	5 (13.5)	13 (35.1)	4 (10.8)	15 (40.5)
Severe anemia (<8 mg/dL)	0 (0)	(0)	0 (0)	0 (0)