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SD: standard deviation; *: statistically significant; &: post hoc analysis, showing statistically significant difference
| Diabetic retinopathy grade | Male hemoglobin level (mg/dL) mean ± SD | p-value | Female hemoglobin level (mg/dL) mean ± SD | p-value |
| Mild | 13.7 ± 1.6 | 0.009* | 12.1 ± 1.3 | 0.896 |
| Moderate | 13.7 ± 1.7 | 12.2 ± 1.7 | ||
| Severe | 14.1 ± 1.6& | 12.4 ± 1.4 | ||
| Proliferative | 12.9 ± 1.9& | 12.1 ± 1.5 |
