Table 3.

Effect of fibre and the gut microbiome of domesticated cats and dogs [101].

Impact on Dogs
Diet Type	Technique	Results	Alterations in Abundance	References
Inulin-type fructans	16S rRNA seq.	Firmicutes, Erysipelotrichaceae, and Turicibacteraceae	Increase	[104]
Beet pulp	16S rRNA seq.	Erysipelotrichi and Fusobacteria	Decrease	[105]
		Firmicutes and Clostridia	Increase
Yeast cell wall	16S rRNA seq.	Bifidobacterium	Increase	[106]
Inulin	16S rRNA seq.	Enterobacteriaceae	Decrease	[106]
		Megamonas and Lactobacillus	Increase
Potato fibre	16S rRNA seq.	Faecalibacterium, Lachnospira, faecal acetate, propionate and butyrate	Increase	[107,108]
		Prevotella and Fusobacterium	Decrease
Soybean husk	qPCR	Clostridium cluster XI	Decrease	[109]
		Total Lactobacilli, Faecalibacterium, Bacteroides-Prevotella-Porphyromonas, and Clostridium cluster XIVa	Increase
Impact on Cats
FOS	qPCR	Bifidobacterium	Increase	[110]
	16S rRNA seq.	Actinobacteria	Increase	[111]
GOS	qPCR	Bifidobacterium	Increase	[110]
Cellulose	16S rRNA seq.	No changes	—	[111]
FOS and GOS	qPCR	Bifidobacterium, total SCFAs, butyrate, and valerate	Increase	[110]
FOS and inulin	16S rRNA seq.	Veillonaceae	Increase	[112]
		Gammaproteobacteria	Decrease
Inulin	16S rRNA seq.	Bifidobacterium	Increase	[113]
		Faecalibacterium and Fusobacterium	Decrease
Pectin	16S rRNA seq.	Firmicutes	Increase	[111]
Wool hydrolysate	16S rRNA seq.	No changes	—	[114]
Mixed insoluble fibres	16S rRNA seq.	Blautia, Bacteroides, Turicibacter, acetic and propionic acids	Increase	[115]
		Isobutyric, 2-methylbutyric, and isovaleric acids	Decrease
Inulin and cellulose	16S rRNA seq.	Prevotella, Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Megamonas, and unclassified Lachnospiraceae	Increase	[116]
		Clostridium, Fusobacterium, and Eubacterium	Decrease

FOS, fructooligosaccharides; qPCR, quantitative polymerase chain reaction; SCFAs, short-chain fatty acids; GOS, galactooligosaccharides; rRNA seq., ribosomal RNA sequencing. No changes (—).