Table 2.
RCTs, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses supporting the use of anticoagulants in SVT [26,28,29,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42].
| Anticoagulant | Studies | No. Patients | Conclusions |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fondaparinux | CALISTO trial, 2010 (RCT) | 3002 | Fondaparinux 2.5 mg sc daily is superior to placebo |
| Duffet et al., 2019 (meta-analysis) | 6862 | Fondaparinux is associated with the lowest VTE event rate during follow-up between patients with SVT treated with NSAIDs/anticoagulant therapies/surgical therapies/observation or placebo | |
| Di Nisio et al., 2018 (systematic review) | 7296 | This study supports fondaparinux in prophylactic dose for 45 days as efficient in superficial vein thrombosis | |
| Rivaroxaban | SURPRISE trial, 2017 (RCT) | 472 | Rivaroxaban (10 mg od) is non-inferior to fondaparinux (2.5 mg od sc) |
| Single center retrospective case record review at King’s College Hospital, 2021 | 54 | Rivaroxaban is effective and safe for the treatment of SVT | |
| Rivaroxaban compared to placebo for the treatment of leg superficial vein thrombosis: A randomized trial, 2020 (RCT) | 85 | The conclusion derived from the study is that rivaroxaban is effective in the treatment of SVT, although based on limited data | |
| LMWH | STEFLUX trial, 2012 (RCT) | 664 | A 30-day regimen of an intermediate dose of parnaparin is more effective than both a 30-day regimen of a prophylactic dose and a 10-day regimen of an intermediate dose. |
| REVETR study, 2014 (RCT) | 68 | Patients were assigned to either a prophylactic dose of dalteparin (5000 IU od) or to a double dose (10,000 IU od); the conclusion was that the dosage of anticoagulant does not impact the rate of thrombus resolution | |
| Rathbun et al., 2012 (RCT) | 72 | Dalteparin (intermediate dose) is superior to the NSAID ibuprofen | |
| Prandoni et al., 2005 (RCT) | 164 | Therapeutic dose of nadroparin, administered for 1 month in patients with SVT, is not superior to prophylactic dose | |
| Lozano et al., 2003 (RCT) | 84 | No statistically significant differences between enoxaparin (1 mg/kg b.i.d. for the first week, then 1 mg/kg od for 3 weeks) and saphenofemoral disconnection; however, enoxaparin group had socioeconomic advantages | |
| STENOX group, 2003 (double-blind trial) | 427 | Comparison between enoxaparin 40 mg od, enoxaparin 1.5 mg/kg od, oral tenoxicam, and placebo for 8–12 days; there was observed a benefit of the active treatment over placebo, but the results were not statistically significant | |
| Titon et al., 1994 (multicenter, randomized, open trial) | 117 | Calcium nadroparin proved a better efficacy in improving symptoms and signs comparative to naproxen; a higher effect of nadroparin on repermeabilization of the thrombosed vein was also observed, but the result was not statistically significant | |
| Gouveia et al., 2018 (retrospective cohort) | 60 | Patients were treated with enoxaparin 40 mg od (and 80 mg od for obese patients > 100 kg); the findings support LMWH usage in SVT |