Figure 3.

The effects and mechanisms of PUFAs against sarcopenia. PUFAs could increase the level of SOD and the expression of DAF-16/FOXO transcription factors in cells to inhibit the production of ROS, thus suppressing oxidative stress. PUFAs could also improve mitochondrial function by increasing the expression of the mitophagy gene pink-1 and increasing PGC1α to promote mitophagy. PUFAs had the ability to suppress NF-κB activities, hence decreasing inflammatory markers like IL-6 and TNF-α. DAF-16—decay accelerating factor-16; FOXO—forkhead box O; IL-6—interleukin-6; NF-κB—nuclear factor-κ-gene binding; PGC1α—peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α; PUFA—polyunsaturated fatty acid; ROS—reactive oxygen species; SOD—superoxide dismutase; TNF-α—tumor necrosis factor-α.