Table 1.
Cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents by sex and ethnoracial group.
| Male (M) | Female (F) | Total | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| African American (AA) | Hispanic (H) | Total |
p Value AA vs. H |
African American (AA) |
Hispanic (H) | Total |
p Value AA vs. H |
Total |
p Value M vs. F |
|
| n (%) | 2284 (100.0) | |||||||||
| Age, years | 13.9 ± 0.05 | 13.9 ± 0.05 | 13.9 ± 0.04 | |||||||
| Weight a, kg | 82.2 ± 1.8 | 69.6 ± 0.7 | 73.3 ± 0.8 | ≤0.001 | 81.4 ± 1.5 | 62.2 ± 0.6 | 68.6 ± 0.7 | ≤0.001 | 70.9 ± 0.5 | ≤0.001 |
| Height a, cm | 169.7 ± 0.6 | 163.3 ± 0.4 | 165.2 ± 0.3 | ≤0.001 | 161.8 ± 0.4 | 155.2 ± 0.2 | 157.4 ± 0.2 | ≤0.001 | 161.3 ± 0.2 | ≤0.001 |
| BMI a, kg/m2 | 28.2 ± 0.6 | 25.8 ± 0.2 | 26.5 ± 0.2 | ≤0.001 | 30.8 ± 0.5 | 25.6 ± 0.2 | 27.4 ± 0.2 | ≤0.001 | 26.9 ± 0.2 | 0.01 |
| SBP, mmHg b | 112.5 ± 0.7 | 108.8 ± 0.4 | 109.8 ± 0.3 | ≤0.001 | 110.0 ± 0.6 | 104.3 ± 0.3 | 106.2 ± 0.3 | ≤0.001 | 108.0 ± 0.2 | ≤0.001 |
| DBP, mmHg b | 70.0 ± 0.5 | 67.9 ± 0.3 | 68.5 ± 0.3 | ≤0.001 | 70.3 ± 0.5 | 65.2 ± 0.3 | 66.9 ± 0.3 | ≤0.001 | 67.7 ± 0.2 | ≤0.001 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 153.3 ± 2.1 | 154.7 ± 1.4 | 154.8 ± 1.1 | 0.58 | 156.4 ± 1.9 | 154.9 ± 1.21 | 155.4 ± 1.0 | 0.51 | 155.1 ± 0.8 | 0.70 |
| LDL-C, mg/dL | 88.2 ± 1.9 | 82.9 ± 1.1 | 84.8 ± 0.1 | 0.02 | 90.5 ± 1.8 | 83.0 ± 1.1 | 85.4 ± 0.9 | ≤0.001 | 85.1 ± 0.7 | 0.64 |
| HDL-C, mg/dL | 47.9 ± 0.9 | 44.9 ± 0.5 | 45.7 ± 0.4 | ≤0.001 | 50.5 ± 0.8 | 49.2 ± 0.5 | 49.6 ± 0.4 | 0.14 | 47.7 ± 0.3 | ≤0.001 |
| TG, mg/dL | 87.6 ± 4.0 | 139.8 ± 3.7 | 125.8 ± 3.0 | ≤0.001 | 78.3 ± 2.5 | 117.2 ± 2.7 | 104.5 ± 2.1 | ≤0.001 | 114.7 ± 1.8 | ≤0.001 |
| hs-CRP, mg/dL | 3.42 ± 0.4 | 2.54 ± 0.2 | 2.82 ± 0.2 | 0.04 | 4.96 ± 0.4 | 2.94 ± 0.2 | 3.79 ± 0.2 | ≤0.001 | 3.3 ± 0.1 | ≤0.001 |
| Fibrinogen, mg/dL | 316.3 ± 6.5 | 318.3 ± 3.8 | 318.5 ± 3.3 | 0.77 | 368.3 ± 6.1 | 355.2 ± 3.8 | 360.6 ± 3.3 | 0.07 | 338.9 ± 2.4 | ≤0.001 |
| Blood glucose, mg/dL | 95.7 ± 1.2 | 99.7 ± 0.7 | 98.6 ± 0.6 | ≤0.001 | 95.4 ± 1.1 | 95.1 ± 0.6 | 95.2 ± 0.6 | 0.82 | 96.8 ± 0.4 | ≤0.001 |
| HbA1c, % | 5.54 ± 0.03 | 5.38 ± 0.02 | 5.42 ± 0.01 | ≤0.001 | 5.56 ± 0.03 | 5.36 ± 0.02 | 5.43 ± 0.02 | ≤0.001 | 5.42 ± 0.01 | 0.55 |
| AST, IU/L | 23.4 ± 0.6 | 26.1 ± 0.5 | 25.4 ± 0.4 | ≤0.001 | 19.2 ± 0.4 | 20.9 ± 0.4 | 20.4 ± 0.3 | ≤0.001 | 22.8 ± 0.3 | ≤0.001 |
| ALT, IU/L | 20.3 ± 0.9 | 28.8 ± 1.0 | 26.6 ± 0.8 | ≤0.001 | 15.7 ± 0.8 | 18.8 ± 0.7 | 18.0 ± 0.5 | ≤0.001 | 22.2 ± 0.5 | ≤0.001 |
| 25-OH-Vitamin D, ng/mL | 17.3 ± 0.6 | 19.4 ± 0.4 | 19.1 ± 0.3 | ≤0.001 | 15.0 ± 0.5 | 17.8 ± 0.4 | 16.9 ± 0.3 | ≤0.001 | 18.0 ± 0.2 | ≤0.001 |
Variables are expressed as mean ± standard error. Sex (male vs female for total sample) and ethno-racial group (African American vs Hispanic for each sex) groups were compared using t-test. The sample size for each variable differed between groups; therefore, the mean (standard deviation) was calculated based on observed numbers and not the total cohort. a These variables were not adjusted by adiposity. b SBP/DBP were adjusted by height (cm). Abbreviations: ALT, alanine transaminase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BMI, body mass index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; hs-CRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TG, triglycerides.