Table 1.
Summary of clinical assays for VP1 “classical” hydrophobic pocket binders.
| Publication Date | Type of Study * | Virus/Disease | Type of Infection (Time to Treatment Interval) † | Drug | Pharmaceutical Form | Patient Age | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| April 1989 | DB PC phase II | RV-A9 | Inoculation (−28 h) | R61837 | Nasal spray | 18–50 years old | [24] |
| February 1993 | Rdm DB PC phase II | RV-A39 | Inoculation (−42 h) | WIN 54954 | Oral capsule | 18–50 years old | [25] |
| April 1992 | Rdm DB PC phase II | RV-A39 | Naturally occurred (+24 h) | Pirodavir (R77,975) | Nasal spray | 18–50 years old | [26] |
| February 1995 | Rdm DB PC phase II | RV colds | Inoculation (−6/12 h) | Pirodavir (R77,975) | Nasal spray | 18–65 years old | [27] |
| January 2000 | Rdm DB PC phase II | CVA21 | Inoculation (−14 h) | Pleconaril | Oral formulation | 18–37 years old | [28] |
| 15 January 2001 | Phase II ‡ | EV | Naturally occurred | Pleconaril | Suspension | 2–50 years old | [29] |
| 6 March 2002 | Rdm DB PC phase II | EV Sepsis | Naturally occurred (+36 h) | Pleconaril | Oral solution/suspension | >15 days | [30] |
| September 2002 | Clinical application | CVB | Naturally occurred (+48 h) | Pleconaril | / | <27 days | [31] |
| April 2003 | Rdm DB PC phase II | Suspected EV meningitis | Naturally occurred (+10 days) | Pleconaril | / | <12 months | [32] |
| November 2005 | Rdm DB PC phase III | RV common colds | Naturally occurred (+24 h) | Pleconaril | Oral tablets | >18 years old | [33] |
| July 2006 | Rdm DB PC phase II | EV meningitis | Naturally occurred (+10 days) | Pleconaril | Oral formulation | >14 years old | [34] |
| 31 October 2006 | Rdm DB PC phase II | RV asthma & common cold | Naturally occurred | Pleconaril | Nasal spray | 6–65 years old | [35] |
| 28 May 2008 | Rdm DB PC phase II | RV | Inoculation (+1/2 h) | Vapendavir | Oral capsules | NS | [36] |
| 3 August 2010 | Rdm DB PC phase II | RV | Naturally occurred | Vapendavir | / | 18–70 years old | [37] |
| 31 December 2014 | Rdm DB PC phase II | RV | Naturally occurred | Vapendavir | Oral capsules | >18 years old | [38] |
| 13 February 2015 | Rdm DB PC phase II | Asthma | Naturally occurred (same day) | Vapendavir | / | 18–75 years old | [39] |
| March 2016 | Rdm DB PC phase II | EV suspected sepsis | Naturally occurred | Pleconaril | Liquid/suspension | <27 days | [40] |
| 12 January 2017 | Rdm DB PC phase II | RV Upper Respiratory | Naturally occurred (+3/5 days) | Vapendavir | Oral tablets | 12–75 years old | [41] |
| 10 November 2023 | Rdm PC phase II | RV & EV COPD | Naturally occurred (+48 h) | Vapendavir | Oral tablets | 40–75 years old | [33] |
* Rdm = randomized; DB = double–blind; PC = placebo-controlled. † Negative delay means that the treatment began before the virus challenge or symptoms onset. The positive delay means that the treatment began after virus challenge or symptoms onset. ‡ Initially, the clinical trials should be placebo-controlled, but no reliable control was possible because of the rarity of EV infections. NS = not specified.