Table 1.
Effect of coffee on microbiota composition in human and animal studies.
| Samples Studied | Treatments | Increased Phyla/Class/Genera | Decreased Phyla/Class/Genera | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Human fecal samples | Mannooligosaccharides from coffee | ↑ Actinobacteria | ↓ Firmicutes; ↓ Lactobacillus |
Umemura et al., 2004 [25] |
| Human fecal samples | Coffee fibres | ↑ Bacteroides; ↑ Prevotella grp |
Gniechwitz et al., 2007 [26] | |
| Human fecal samples | Three cups of coffee daily for 3 days | ↑ Actinobacteria; ↑ Bifidobacterium spp. |
Jaquet et al., 2009 [27] | |
| Human fecal samples | Coffee extract | ↑ Actinobacteria; ↑ Firmicutes; ↑ Bifidobacterium spp. |
↓ Proteobacteria; ↓ E. coli |
Benitez et al., 2019 [22] |
| Human fecal samples | Coffee extract and chlorogenic acids | ↑ Actinobacteria; ↑ Firmicutes; ↑ Bifidobacterium spp. |
Tomas-Barberan et al., 2014 [20] | |
| Human fecal samples | Chlorogenic acid (C-QA) | ↑ Actinobacteria; ↑ Firmicutes; ↑ Bifidobacterium spp. |
↓ Bacteroidetes | de Cosío-Barr´on et al., 2020 [21] |
| Human fecal samples | Nescafe coffee extracts | ↑ Actinobacteria; ↑ Firmicutes; ↑ Bifidobacterium spp. |
Mills et al., 2015 [19] | |
| Human fecal samples | Spent coffee | ↑ Bacteroidetes; ↑ Firmicutes; ↑ Barnesiella; ↑ Butyricicoccus; ↑ Veillonella |
↓ Actinobacteria; ↓ Faecalibacterium; ↓ Ruminococcus; ↓ Blautia |
Perez-Burillo et al., 2020 [23] |
| Mice fecal samples | Coffee and amoxicillin | ↑ Proteobacteria; ↑ Burkholderiaceae | ↓ Burkholderia cepacia | Diamond et al., 2021 [29] |
| Rat fecal samples | Caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee | ↓ Enterobacteria; ↓ gamma-Proteobacteria | Hegde et al., 2022 [31] | |
| Rat fecal samples (paradoxical sleep deprivation) | Caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee | ↑ Akkermansia; ↑ Klebsiella | ↓ S24-7; ↓ Lachnospiraceae; ↓ Oscillospira; ↓ Parabacteroides | Gu et al., 2022 [30] |
| Tsumura Suzuki obese diabetes mice feces | Coffee, caffeine and chlorogenic acid | ↑ Firmicutes | ↓ Bacteroidetes | Nishitsuji et al., 2018 [28] |
| Mice fecal samples | Coffee and galacto-oligosaccharide | ↑ Bifidobacterium spp. | ↓ E. coli; ↓ Clostridium spp. |
Nakayama & Oishi, 2013 [32] |
Notes: spp.—species; ↑: Increased; ↓: Decreased.