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. 2024 Sep 10;16(18):3049. doi: 10.3390/nu16183049

Table 2.

Demographic, anthropometric, plasmatic profile, sleep quality, and mood before and after supplementation.

LL1 + Silymarin
Sample size (M/F) 22 (7/15)
Age (years) 58.54 ± 5.65
Height (m) 1.62 ± 0.10
Anthropometrics
T0 T180
Mean ± SD Mean ± SD p
BMI (kg/m2) 28.9 ± 0.67 28.3 ± 0.76 0.0465
Neck (cm) 36.3 ± 0.70 35.7 ± 0.73 0.0049
Plasmatic profile
Total Cholesterol (mg/dL) 194 ± 7.81 208 ± 7.19 0.0255
HDL-C (mg/dL) 45.7 ± 2.3 51.8 ± 2.61 0.0002
IgM (mg/dL) 104 ± 10.4 107 ± 10.4 0.0106
Albumin (g/dL) 4.65 ± 0.043 4.93 ± 0.052 0.0001
Creatinine (mg/dL) 0.83 ± 0.36 0.90 ± 0.04 0.0007
TSH (mUI/L) 2.02 ± 0.243 2.72 ± 0.352 0.0479
Thyroxine (ng/dL) 0.981 ± 0.045 1.36 ± 0.043 0.0001
IL-8 (pg/mL) 0.859 ± 0.231 0.422 ± 0.156 0.0161
T0 T180
Mean ± SD CI 95% Mean ± SD CI 95% p
Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)
PSQI Global score 6.39 ± 3.12 5.04–7.74 5.17 ± 2.77 3.97–6.37 0.0198
(C1) Sleep Quality 1.17 ± 0.65 0.89–1.46 0.83 ± 0.57 0.57–1.08 0.0078
(C2) Sleep Latency 1.09 ± 0.85 0.72–1.45 0.78 ± 0.16 0.44–1.13
(C3) Sleep Duration 1.17 ± 0.58 0.93–1.42 1.30 ± 0.87 0.93–1.68 -
(C4) Sleep Efficiency 0.43 ± 0.73 0.12–0.75 0.43 ± 0.89 0.05–0.82 -
(C5) Sleep Disturbance 1.13 ± 0.55 0.89–1.37 0.96 ± 0.47 0.75–1.16 -
(C6) Sleep Medication 0.26 ± 0.75 −0.06–0.59 0.13 ± 0.62 −0.14–0.40 -
(C7) Daytime Dysfunction 1.35 ± 1.43 0.73–1.97 0.68 ± 0.65 0.39–0.97 0.0042
Brunel Mood Scale (BRUMS)
BRUMS total score 20.14 ± 1.31 17.40–22.89 21.62 ± 1.46 18.56–24.68 -
Tension 3.90 ± 1.09 3.41–4.40 4.41 ± 1.71 3.65–5.17 -
Depression 2.38 ± 1.66 1.63–3.14 3.77 ± 3.24 2.34–5.21 -
Anger 3.19 ± 2.27 2.16–4.22 1.90 ± 1.61 1.17–2.64 0.0082
Confusion 3.90 ± 1.04 3.43–4.38 4.62 ± 1.47 3.95–5.29 0.0199
Vigor 3.48 ± 1.66 2.72–4.23 4.29 ± 1.55 3.58–4.99 0.0420
Fatigue 3.10 ± 1.34 2.49–3.70 3.24 ± 1.30 2.65–3.83 -

BMI: body mass index; HDL-C: high-density lipoproteins cholesterol; TSH: thyroid-stimulating hormone.