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. 2024 Sep 12;17(9):1204. doi: 10.3390/ph17091204

Figure 3.

Figure 3

IMD deficiency exacerbates DCM in mice. (A) Representative images of hearts, the HW/BW ratio, and HW/TL ratio of diabetic WT and IMD−/− mice. Scale bar: 10 mm. n = 6–8. (B) Representative echocardiographic images of diabetic WT and IMD−/− mice. (C) Representative pulsed Doppler echocardiography pictures, early diastolic mitral flow velocity (E), late diastolic mitral flow velocity (A), and relative quantification of the mitral E/A ratio of diabetic WT and IMD−/− mice. n = 4–5. (D) Hematoxylin–eosin staining of representative heart sections and cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area quantification in mice. Scale bar: 50 μm. n = 4. (E) Quantitative real-time PCR analysis of Nppa and Nppb mRNA expression in the hearts of diabetic WT and IMD−/− mice. n = 3–4. (F) Sirius red staining of myocardial interstitial and perivascular fibrosis area with representative images and quantification in mice. Scale bar: 50 μm. n = 3. (G) Oil red O staining of myocardial interstitium with representative images and quantification from different mice. Scale bar: 50 μm. n = 5. (H) Quantitative real-time PCR analysis of Col1a1 and Col3a1 mRNA expression in the hearts of diabetic WT and IMD−/− mice. n = 3–4. (I) Western blot analysis of Col1a1 and Col3a1 protein levels in the hearts of diabetic WT and IMD−/− mice. n = 3. Data are mean ± SD, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01. ns: no significant difference.