Table 5.

Mean and standard error of the mean vitamin values from separable lean tissue ¹ from six ² raw U.S. beef offal items.

Nutrient, Units	Heart	Liver	Kidney	Tongue	Tripe	Oxtail
Retinol (Vitamin A), mcg/g	0.02 ± 0.00	37.02 ± 9.39	0.25 ± 0.11	0.05 ± 0.02	0.03 ± 0.01	0.03 ± 0.02
25-Hydroxy Vitamin D, mcg/100 g 3	0.52 ± 0.11	0.62 ± 0.07	1.26 ± 0.08	0.51 ± 0.03	0.57 ± 0.07	0.29 ± 0.03
Alpha-Tocopherol (Vitamin E), mcg/g	8.18 ± 0.83	4.72 ± 0.36	4.36 ± 0.75	4.20 ± 0.15	1.80 ± 0.22	2.96 ± 0.50
Phylloquinone (Vitamin K1), ng/g	3.17 ± 0.23	9.67 ± 2.46	1.27 ± 0.09	8.83 ± 2.46	6.43 ± 0.78	3.43 ± 0.58
Vitamin K2 4
Menaquinone-4, ng/g	16.47 ± 2.28	-	45.37 ± 13.68	88.27 ± 13.65	127.83 ± 13.17	47.80 ± 2.29
Menaquinone-6, ng/g	4.70 ± 1.06	31.00 ± 3.57	-	-	-	-
Menaquinone-7, ng/g	-	77.87 ± 13.11	-	-	-	-
Menaquinone-8, ng/g	-	37.33 ± 5.21	-	-	-	-
Menaquinone-9, ng/g	34.57 ± 4.08	71.13 ± 21.90	11.77 ± 0.33	3518.33 ± 281.90	1609.50 ± 495.08	1612.00 ± 99.14
Menaquinone-10, ng/g	79.07 ± 29.57	67.37 ± 15.28	0.00	1306.17 ± 319.70	497.60 ± 194.81	431.63 ± 72.14
Menaquinone-11, ng/g	1897.33 ± 424.33	1340.67 ± 181.80	1104.83 ± 70.84	10,224.33 ± 1370.37	14,229.00 ± 2916.51	7044.33 ± 521.38
Menaquinone-12, ng/g	5.67 ± 0.70	537.83 ± 55.23	15.03 ± 1.40	16.10 ± 4.75	38.40 ± 7.47	19.77 ± 5.36
Menaquinone-13, ng/g	14.27 ± 1.41	1707.33 ± 126.14	42.33 ± 6.47	-	7.90 ± 3.95	-

¹ Separable lean tissue includes all lean muscle and organ tissue. ² Vitamin analysis results of other offal items in the study are presented in a separate table. ³ Values for 5-Hydroxy Vitamin D are reported as mcg/100 g due to the small amount present in samples. ⁴ A single dash indicates that the nutrient was below the limit of detection; the limit of detection was not defined.